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Biology
Interfase
Interfase
JoVE Core
Biology
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JoVE Core Biology
Interphase

10.5: Interfase

211,742 Views
00:54 min
March 11, 2019
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

Il ciclo cellulare si verifica su circa 24 ore (in una tipica cellula umana) e in due fasi distinte: interfase, che comprende tre fasi del ciclo cellulare (G1, S e G2) e mitosi (M). Durante l'interfase, che occupa circa il 95 per cento della durata del ciclo cellulare eucariotico, le cellule crescono e replicano il loro DNA in preparazione per la mitosi.

Fasi dell'Interfase

Dopo ogni periodo di mitosi e citocinesi, le cellule eucariotiche entrano interfase, durante la quale crescono e replicano il loro DNA in preparazione per la prossima divisione mitotica.

Durante la fase G1 (gap 1), le cellule crescono continuamente e si preparano per la replicazione del DNA. Durante questa fase, le cellule sono metabolicamente attive e copiano organelli essenziali e molecole biochimiche, come le proteine.

Nella successiva fase S (sintesi) dell'interfase, le cellule duplicano il loro DNA nucleare, che rimane confezionato in cromatina semi-condensata. Durante la fase S, le cellule duplicano anche il centrosome, una struttura che organizza microtubuli che forma l'apparato del mandrino mitotico. Il mandrino mitotico separa i cromosomi durante la mitosi.

Nella fase G2 (gap 2), che segue la sintesi del DNA, le cellule continuano a crescere e sintetizzare proteine e organelli per prepararsi alla mitosi.

Nelle cellule umane, la fase G1 si estende per circa 11 ore, la fase S dura circa 8 ore e la fase G2 dura circa 4 ore. Durante G1, le cellule sono diploidi (2n, una coppia di ogni cromosoma). Dopo la replicazione nella fase S, le cellule aumentano il loro contenuto di DNA a 4n. Le cellule rimangono 4n fino a quando la citocinesi, a quel punto il loro contenuto di DNA è ridotto a 2n.

Transcript

- [Istruttore] Nelle cellule eucariotiche, la maggior parte

del ciclo cellulare è l'interfase,

che si divide in tre fasi: G1, S e G2.

In G1, la prima fase di separazione,

una cellula figlia di nuova generazione cresce di dimensioni

e si prepara alla duplicazione del DNA

nella fase successiva.

Ora in S, la fase di sintesi,

le cellule duplicano il loro DNA nucleare,

che rimane confezionato come cromatina.

Le cellule duplicano anche i centrisomi,

la struttura organizzativa del microtubolo

che forma l'apparato fuso mitotico.

Infine in G2, la seconda fase di separazione,

le cellule continuano a crescere,

moltiplicando organuli e proteine

che sono necessari per la mitosi

e riempire i loro serbatoi di energia.

La cellula è ora pronta

per entrare nel primo stadio della mitosi.

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Cell Cycle – Series of stages a cell undergoes to grow, replicate DNA, and divide into two daughter cells.
  • Interphase – Longest cell cycle phase where cells grow, replicate DNA, and prepare for mitosis.
  • G1 Phase – First growth phase marked by active metabolism and organelle duplication.
  • S Phase – Phase when DNA is replicated and centrosomes are duplicated for cell division.
  • G2 Phase – Final interphase stage with continued growth and protein synthesis before mitosis.
.

Learning Objectives

  • Define Interphase Phases – Recognize the G1, S, and G2 stages where cells grow, replicate DNA, and prepare for mitosis (e.g., cell cycle).
  • Understand DNA Replication – Learn how DNA strands are duplicated during the S phase using semiconservative synthesis (e.g., synthesis).
  • Track Cell Growth – Identify key processes in G1 and G2 like organelle duplication and protein synthesis before mitosis (e.g., growth).
  • Compare DNA Content – Follow chromosome duplication from diploid (2n) to tetraploid (4n) and return to 2n after cytokinesis.
  • Prepare for Mitosis – Understand interphase as a foundation for cell division.

Questions that this video will help you answer

  • What is interphase in the cell cycle and why is it essential for cell division?
  • What happens in the S phase of the interphase and why is DNA replication important?
  • What happens during the G2 phase of interphase and how does it prepare the cell for mitosis?

This video is also useful for

  • Students – Understand what happens during interphase and why it is essential in the cell cycle.
  • Educators – Provides a clear framework for teaching the stages of interphase (G1, S, and G2) and their role in cell division.
  • Researchers – Reinforces the importance of interphase in preparing cells for mitosis or meiosis.
  • Science Enthusiasts – Offers insights into how cells grow, duplicate DNA, and preserve genetic stability before dividing.

Explore More Videos

Interfase Cellule Eucariotiche G1 S G2 Fase Gap Fase Di Sintesi Duplicazione Del Dna Cromatina Centrosomi Apparato Fusato Mitotico Organelli Proteine Mitosi Ciclo Cellulare Crescita Replicazione Del Dna Citocinesi

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