Wind Energy Utilization

Wind energy utilization is the capture and conversion of moving air into useful power, primarily electricity, while reducing reliance on finite fuels and limiting operational emissions. In a wind turbine, aerodynamic lift and drag rotate blades around a rotor; a drivetrain and generator then convert this mechanical rotation into electrical energy, with output shaped by wind speed, turbine design, and site conditions. In bioengineering, this renewable power can support energy-intensive activities such as bioprocessing, environmental treatment, and distributed laboratory infrastructure, while bio-inspired materials and designs may improve turbine performance and durability. Its wider adoption links engineering, sustainability, and resilient research systems.

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JoVE Science Education - Engineering

Turbulence Sphere Method: Evaluating Wind Tunnel Flow Quality

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2023

Source: Jose Roberto Moreto and Xiaofeng Liu, Department of Aerospace Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA Wind tunnel tests are useful in the design of vehicles and structures that are subjected to airflow during their use. Wind tunnel data are generated by applying a controlled air flow to a model of the object being studied. The test model usually has a similar geometry but is a smaller scale compared to the full-sized object. To ensure accurate and useful data is collected...

Three-Winding Transformers

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2024

Three identical single-phase transformers can be configured to form a three-phase transformer connection, which involves high-voltage and low-voltage windings. The high-voltage windings are denoted by capital letters A-B-C, while the low-voltage windings are labeled with lowercase letters a-b-c, representing their respective phases. This notation helps distinguish between the high and low voltage sides of the transformer. In the per-unit equivalent circuit of a grounded Y-Y three-phase...

Conservation of Energy Approach to System Analysis

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2023

Source: Ricardo Mejia-Alvarez and Hussam Hikmat Jabbar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the application of the energy conservation equation to determine the performance of a flow system. To this end, the energy equation for steady, incompressible flow is applied to a short pipe with a gate valve. The gate valve is then gradually closed and its influence on flow conditions is characterized. In...

What is Energy?

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2020

The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy. The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized plants)...

Free Energy

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2019

Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break down the...

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