Viral Particle Assembly
Viral Particle Assembly - Related Videos
02:41
Concentration and Purification of Viral Particles
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2026
Source: Fricano-Kugler, C. J., et al. Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection. J. Vis. Exp. (2016).This video demonstrates the step-by-step process for concentrating and purifying lentiviral particles from a mixed suspension containing host cell debris. The procedure utilizes centrifugation, filtration, and PEG-salt precipitation to isolate viral particles while removing soluble impurities. The final product is resuspended in a...
02:36
In Vitro Reconstitution and Purification of Viral Nucleocapsid-Like Particles
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2026
Source: Gao, Y., et al. Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus. J. Vis. Exp. (2021)The video demonstrates the in vitro assembly of virus-specific nucleocapsids from a purified RNA-free nucleoprotein–phosphoprotein complex, their purification by size exclusion chromatography, and validation of full-length viral RNA within the assembled particles.
01:55
Generation of Recombinant Viral Particles Using Embryonic Kidney Cells
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2026
Source: Vijayraghavan, S., Kantor, B. A Protocol for the Production of Integrase-deficient Lentiviral Vectors for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockout in Dividing Cells. J. Vis. Exp. (2017).This video demonstrates the procedure for generating recombinant viral particles by transfecting embryonic kidney cells with plasmids encoding viral proteins and a gene of interest.
12:33
Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
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Cited by 25 •
2013
We describe experimental details of the synthesis of patterned and reconfigurable particles from two dimensional (2D) precursors. This methodology can be used to create particles in a variety of shapes including polyhedra and grasping devices at length scales ranging from the micro to centimeter scale.
02:17
Visualizing Viral Structural Protein Assembly on Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Membranes
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2026
Source: Olety, B., et. al., Visualization of HIV-1 Gag Binding to Giant Unilamellar Vesicle (GUV) Membranes. J. Vis. Exp. (2016)This study demonstrates a fluorescence-based assay to observe the membrane-binding behavior of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 structural protein. Using synthetic giant unilamellar vesicles as model membranes, the assay visualizes protein recruitment and assembly, mimicking early steps of viral particle formation.
FAQs
These proteins must be synthesized and directed to appropriate cellular locations so that structural components can meet in an organized sequence. Capsid proteins support capsid formation, while envelope and matrix proteins contribute to particle architecture and membrane-related organization. Disrupted synthesis or localization can therefore interfere with coordinated assembly and the production of infectious particles.
Packaging places the viral genome within the developing particle, after which capsid formation helps organize the assembled structure. In many viruses, proteolytic maturation then produces a stable, infectious virion. Because these stages are linked, examining them separately can show where assembly succeeds or fails and why the resulting particles may differ in infectivity.
Assembly is not determined by viral components alone. Interactions with host membranes can affect how particles acquire or organize membrane-associated structures, while cellular defenses may oppose the process during replication. Studying both influences helps explain why the same viral assembly program can produce different outcomes when host conditions change or cellular resistance becomes stronger.
An investigation can trace the sequence from synthesis and localization of structural proteins through genome packaging, capsid formation, and, where relevant, proteolytic maturation. Researchers can then relate these stages to particle stability and infectivity, while also considering interactions with host membranes and cellular defenses. This organized view connects molecular events with replication and transmission.
Because assembly contains several coordinated stages, it provides multiple biological processes whose disruption may affect the production of infectious particles. Understanding these stages can guide antiviral development and vaccine design by clarifying how viral components become stable, transmissible particles. The same knowledge also helps researchers interpret changes in infectivity associated with altered assembly.
Knowledge of how genomes and structural proteins are organized can help researchers evaluate whether a vector design preserves the molecular features needed for particle formation. Comparing assembly under different mutations or host conditions can also reveal changes in infectivity, making assembly studies useful for refining vectors and understanding variation in viral transmission.