Isomeric Ratio

Isomeric ratio is the relative amount of each isomer present in a mixture, providing a quantitative measure of product distribution when compounds share a molecular formula but differ in atom connectivity or spatial arrangement. It is determined by comparing isomer-specific signals or concentrations, often using chromatography, spectroscopy, or mass spectrometry, while the observed ratio reflects competing kinetic and thermodynamic influences during formation and, in some systems, subsequent equilibration. In chemistry, isomeric ratios help assess reaction selectivity, identify stereochemical or structural outcomes, evaluate sample composition, and optimize conditions for producing a desired isomer in synthesis, catalysis, and analytical workflows.

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JoVE Core - Chemistry

Structural Isomerism

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2020

Isomerism in Complexes Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers. Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...

Isomerism

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2023

Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. Isomers can be further classified into constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Constitutional isomers differ in the connectivity of their constituent atoms. For example, 2-butanol and diethyl ether are constitutional isomers, as they have the same chemical formula, C4H10O, but differ in the connectivity of the carbon and oxygen atoms. Constitutional isomers have different physical and chemical...

Isomerism in Alkenes

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2025

Alkenes like 1-butene and 2-butene exhibit constitutional isomerism, as they differ in the position of the double bond. Further, 2-butene exhibits stereoisomerism and exists as two distinct compounds differing in spatial arrangement. An isomer is called cis-2-butene when the methyl groups are on the same side of the double bond, and the other stereoisomer, in which methyl groups are on the opposite side of the double bond, is called trans-2-butene. The cis and trans stereoisomers are not...

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

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2023

Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds. In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers.

Liquidity Ratios: Current Ratio

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2024

Liquidity management involves strategically acquiring and using cash or near-cash resources, such as marketable securities, treasury bills, or short-term deposits, to ensure the company can meet its cash obligations as they come due. The current ratio, calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities, is a valuable tool for evaluating a company's liquidity. Current assets are resources that can be quickly converted into cash, typically within a year. These include cash, cash...

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