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DNA stays securely locked away in the nucleus, while proteins are made in the cytoplasm. So, how does DNA pass on its instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to create proteins?
It sends a messenger called Ribonucleic acid, or RNA, which carries these instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.
RNA is a single-stranded molecule made of nucleotides, each consisting of a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
There are four nitrogenous bases in RNA: Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine.
Three types of RNA work together to make proteins: messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA.
Messenger RNA works like a delivery truck, carrying DNA’s instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
Ribosomal RNA forms part of the ribosome, functioning like an assembly line for protein synthesis.
Transfer RNA acts like a helper, bringing the right amino acids to the ribosome to assemble the protein.
Together, these RNAs ensure that DNA’s instructions are transformed into proteins.
