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Technique and Considerations in the Use of 4x1 Ring High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS)
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Technique and Considerations in the Use of 4x1 Ring High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS)

Article DOI: 10.3791/50309-v • 15:05 min • July 14th, 2013
July 14th, 2013 •
1,2, 1,3, 4, 1,4, *5, *1
1Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 2School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, 3Charité University Medicine Berlin, 4The City College of The City University of New York, 5Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan
* These authors contributed equally

Capitoli

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Automatic Translation

High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS), with its 4x1-ring montage, is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that combines both the neuromodulatory effects of conventional tDCS with increased focality. This article provides a systematic demonstration of the use of 4x1 HD-tDCS, and the considerations needed for safe and effective stimulation.

Tags

4x1 Ring HD-tDCS High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Current Delivery High-definition Electrodes Pad-electrodes 4x1-ring Configuration Center Ring Electrode Return Electrodes Neurophysiological Effects Clinical Effects Tolerability Electrode Positioning Neuromodulatory Effects Safety Primary Motor Cortex (M1) Pain-related Outcomes
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