可用性ヒューリスティック

The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on easily recalled examples, simplifying decision-making.

 Consider Mark, who recently watched a video about shark attacks on social media. The footage, featuring dramatic music and terrifying visuals, left a strong impression on him.

A few days later, Mark goes to a beach with friends but decides against swimming in the sea.

He is convinced that shark attacks pose a significant threat despite the rarity of such incidents.

 Statistically, the chances of encountering a shark are far lower than other everyday risks, such as car accidents on the way to the beach.

 Mark’s decision, driven by the availability heuristic, highlights how vivid and memorable examples can distort perceptions and overshadow actual probabilities. As a result, he avoids an activity that is both statistically safe and enjoyable.

Studies reveal that people rely on the most readily available information to make judgments, a cognitive bias known as the availability heuristic.”

Therefore availability heuristic involves making decisions based upon how easy it is to bring something to mind.