ロックアップ契約

A lockup agreement is a contract where company insiders and early investors commit not to sell their shares for a specified period, typically 90 to 180 days after an initial public offering. These agreements prevent an oversupply of shares in the market immediately after the IPO, which could cause the stock price to drop significantly and destabilize the company's valuation.

Company founders, early employees, and early-stage venture capitalists typically enter lockup agreements. These insiders hold significant share ownership and their immediate sales could flood the market with shares. By restricting their sales during the lockup period, the agreement protects market stability and supports the company's capital-raising goals.

Lockup agreements allow shares to enter the market gradually rather than all at once. By preventing insider sales during the lockup period, the market has time to absorb new shares without experiencing sudden price pressure. This controlled release maintains a stable stock price, which benefits shareholders and enhances the company's market reputation for future fundraising efforts.

When insiders commit to holding their shares through a lockup agreement, it signals confidence in the company's future performance. This reassurance encourages public investor participation during the IPO and helps stabilize stock performance in the initial trading phase, building trust in the company's long-term prospects.

When the lockup period expires, typically after 90 to 180 days, insiders are free to sell their shares. The market must be prepared for this potential increase in share supply. Companies often monitor this transition carefully to manage any price volatility that might result from insider sales becoming permitted.

By minimizing early stock price volatility through controlled share supply, lockup agreements enhance the company's market reputation and valuation stability. This strong foundation makes future capital-raising activities, such as secondary offerings, more feasible and attractive to investors, aligning insider behavior with the company's broader financial goals.