Name: fundamental quantities in engineering mechanics
Uploaded: 2023-09-22T11:49:18.000Z
Duration: 1 min 28 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Physics

PHYS.1

IPC.1.G

Basic Concept

工学力学の基本概念は、長さ、時間、質量、および力です。
点AからBに移動するオブジェクトを考えてみましょう。移動距離は、参照点を基準とした座標を使用して長さで表されます。
また、長さは物理システムの幾何学的特性を表し、時間は点AとBの間の移動時間のような事象の連続を測定します。
質量は、場所によって変化しない物体内の物質の量の尺度ですが、力は、押したり引いたり、重力に引かれたりするように、ある物体が別の物体に作用すると見なされます。
理論解析のために、エンジニアリングメカニクスはいくつかの仮定を使用します。まず、オブジェクトは質量を持つ粒子と見なされ、そのサイズは無視できます。
次に、粒子の材質や適用される荷重に関係なく、粒子は変形が無視される剛体と見なされます。
最後に、加えられた荷重は、物体上の点に作用する集中力として表されます。

<ol>
	<li>ヒベラー、RC(2016)。エンジニアリングメカニクス \u2012 静力学と力学。ニュージャージー州ホーボーケン:ピアソンプレンティスホール。4 \u2012 5.</li>
	<li>ビール、FP;ジョンストン、ER;マズレック、D.F;クロムウェル、PJおよびセルフ、BP(2019)。エンジニアのためのベクトル力学 \u2012 静力学と動力学。ニューヨーク:マグロウヒル。PP - 3の。</li>
	<li>メリアム、J.L.;Kraige、LG、およびBolton、JN(2020)。エンジニアリングメカニクス \u2012 静力学。ニュージャージー州ホーボーケン:ジョン・ワイリー。PP - 2の。</li>
</ol>

基本的な概念

工学力学は、物体の運動と物体に作用する力を研究する工学の一部門です。これは基礎科目であり、多くの他の工学学科の基礎を形成しています。長さ、時間、質量、力は、工学力学のいくつかの基本的な概念です。

長さは、物体が移動する距離を測定するものであり、工学力学の基本的な概念です。距離を説明するために参照点を基準として座標を使用します。長さは物体が移動する距離を説明するだけでなく、物理システムの幾何学的な特性を説明するためにも使用されます。

例えば、都市Xから都市Yまで移動するバスを考えてみましょう。バスの位置は、座標系の助けを借りて任意の時点で追跡することができます。

この場合、長さだけではイベントを説明するのに十分ではなく、結果として時間が使用されます。都市Xと都市Yの間の移動時間のようなイベントの一連を測定するために使用されます。時間は、工学力学の別の基本的な概念であり、イベントの一連を測定するものです。

質量は物体内の物質の量を測定するものであり、位置によって変化しません。質量は、力が加えられたときに物体がその方向や速度を変える程度を測定することによって測定することができます。

力は工学力学における別の重要な概念であり、一つの物体が他の物体に対して行う作用です。力は物体を押したり引いたり、引き寄せたり、反発させることができます。重力は互いに物体を引き寄せる力の典型的な例です。

物体を押すことは接触力の例であり、磁石に引き寄せられる鉄片は非接触力の例です。

工学力学では、理論的な分析を可能にするために特定の仮定に依存しています。まず、物体はしばしば質量を持つ質点として扱われ、そのサイズは無視されます。この単純化により、物体の運動をより単純な数学的な方程式を使用して記述することがでます。第二に、その材料や加わる負荷に関係なく、質点は剛体と見なされ、変形は無視されます。最後に、加わる負荷は、物体上の特定の点に作用する集中力として表されます。例えば、クレーンフックの荷重受容能力を分析する場合、そのサイズや形状に関係なく質点と見なされます。フックは変形しない物体であり、力はフック上の特定の点にのみ作用します。

エンジニアリングメカニクスは、運動と物体に作用する力を研究する工学の一分野です。それは基本的な主題であり、基礎を形成します...

Education

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

機械工学

Unit 1

ユニット1

An Introduction to Statics

静力学入門

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

主要用語と概念

fundamental quantities in engineering mechanics

Engineering mechanics begins with four basic quantities: length, time, mass, and force. These ideas help describe how objects move and how they respond to loads. They also support many other engineering fields.

Length measures the distance traveled by an object. Engineers describe this distance with coordinates relative to a reference point. Length is also useful for showing the geometry of physical systems.

Time measures the succession of an event. A bus traveling from city X to city Y is a simple example. The bus location can be tracked with a coordinate system, but time is needed to measure the travel period.

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It does not change with location. Mass can be related to how much an object resists a change in direction or speed when a force acts on it.

Force is the action of one body on another. It can push, pull, attract, or repel. Gravity is an example of an attractive force. Pushing a surface is a contact force, while an iron piece pulled by a magnet shows a non-contact force.

Engineering mechanics also uses simplifying assumptions to make analysis possible. An object may be treated as a particle with mass, so its size is ignored. It may also be treated as a rigid body, which means deformation is neglected. The load is then shown as a concentrated force acting at a single point, such as when studying the load-carrying capacity of a crane hook.

Fundamental Quantities in Engineering Mechanics

fundamental-quantities-in-engineering-mechanics

an introduction to mechanics

Mechanics in Physics and Engineering

Mechanics is a key branch of physics that explains how objects stay at rest or move when forces act on them. It also has major uses in engineering and science. The topic helps students understand everyday motion, machine behavior, and the way many systems work. The recorded history of mechanics begins with Aristotle, who lived from 384 to 322 BC. He linked mechanics with physical theory and looked for a broad universal explanation. Later, Newton defined mechanics as the study of objects at...

basic concept

Engineering mechanics begins with four basic quantities: length, time, mass, and force. These ideas help describe how objects move and how they respond to loads. They also support many other engineering fields. Length measures the distance traveled by an object. Engineers describe this distance with coordinates relative to a reference point. Length is also useful for showing the geometry of physical systems. Time measures the succession of an event. A bus traveling from city X to city Y is a...

newton's law of motion

Newton's Laws and Everyday Motion

Newton's laws explain everyday motion and the forces that change it. These three laws describe why objects move, stay still, or speed up. They also show how force and mass affect motion. Newton's first law is the law of inertia. It says an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion keeps moving at a constant speed and direction unless an external force acts on it. A sliding box that slows down on its own is a good example. In that case, friction is the net external force that works...

newton's law of gravitational attraction

Gravity Between Masses and Distance

Newton’s law of gravitational attraction describes how gravity acts between two objects. Sir Isaac Newton built this law from empirical evidence and inductive reasoning. He published it in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, or the Principia, on July 5, 1687. The law says that the gravitational force between any two objects depends on their masses and their distance apart. The force is proportional to mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects.

units of measurement

SI and Customary Measurement Systems

Mechanical engineering depends on units of measurement for precise and accurate calculations. These units give engineers a standard way to express and compare physical quantities. They are essential when designing and analyzing machines and mechanical systems. Many historical measurement systems have been used over time. Examples include the Babylonian system, the Roman system, the Egyptian system, the Olympian system, the British system, and the Indus Valley system. Today, the International...

international system of units

SI Units and Metric Prefixes

SI units and metric prefixes provide a standard way to measure size, mass, and time. The International System of Units, or SI system, is used worldwide because it gives scientists a common language for measurement. Its values do not change with location, which helps keep results consistent. The SI system is built on three base units: meter, kilogram, and second. These are the core units for length, mass, and time. The kilogram is the only base unit that already includes a prefix. Prefixes...

numerical calculations

Engineering Notation and Significant Figures

Numerical calculations in engineering depend on clear values, correct units, and careful rounding. Presenting the answer is an important part of engineering practice, so numerically accurate results are preferred. Handheld calculators and computers are often used because they help produce accurate answers. Problems can be solved in several ways. Solving algebraic symbols by hand is common, and the graphical method is often preferred in some cases. Computers are especially useful when many...

accuracy, limits, and approximation

Accuracy and Approximation in Calculations

Accuracy and approximation are important in calculations, especially in engineering. Accuracy means how close a measured value is to the true or actual value. Repeated measurements are often used in engineering mechanics to help make results more precise and accurate. The accuracy of a solution depends on empirical data and the results from different calculations or measurements. A cylindrical container filled with liquid is a simple example. Its volume can be found from the measured...

dimensional analysis

Using Dimensions to Check Physics Equations

Dimensional analysis is a useful way to check physics and engineering equations. It works by writing physical quantities in terms of basic dimensions such as mass, length, and time. Quantities like velocity, acceleration, and force are derived from these basic dimensions. This method helps compare measurements even when the units are different. It also checks whether an equation is dimensionally homogeneous. That means the powers of the fundamental dimensions must match on both sides of the...

problem solving in statics

Statics Problem-Solving Steps for Beams

Statics problem-solving uses a step-by-step method to analyze bodies in equilibrium, especially beams. It is an important part of physics and engineering because the goal is to find practical and accurate answers for real situations. The process usually starts with a physical situation and then turns it into a mathematical model. That model often needs approximations and assumptions. Very small distances can be ignored when they are much smaller than the main dimensions, such as beam width...

key terms and concepts

Explore length, time, mass, and force in engineering mechanics, plus key simplifying assumptions like particles, rigid bodies, and concentrated loads.

Fundamental Quantities in Engineering Mechanics | JoVE K12

JoVE Core 機械工学は、平衡、力、トラス解析、構造力学などの重要なトピックをカバーする簡潔でわかりやすいアニメーション ビデオを提供します。実際のアプリケーションを探索し、科学者主導の実験を通じてこれらのコンセプトが実際に動作しているのを目撃してください。

mechanical engineering

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.1

Observational Research

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Naturalistic Observations

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Models, Theories, and Laws

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The Scientific Method

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Observational Learning

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Perspectives on Cognitive Psychology

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Case Studies

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Ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations

PHYS.1.A

Study Design in Statistics

A study design is a set of techniques that allow a researcher to collect and analyze data from different variables defined for a specific research ...

Experimental Designs

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Realism in Experimentation

Source: Laboratories of Gary Lewandowski, Dave Strohmetz, and Natalie Ciarocco&#8212;Monmouth University

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Data Collection by Experiments

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Scientific Method

Observation and Background Research
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The Scientific Method in Nursing Process

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Observational Studies

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Study Designs in Epidemiology

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In an ideal study design, the same woman would be observed in two ...

What is an Experiment?

An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two ...

Categories and Inductive Inferences

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It might be possible for the human brain to keep track of each ...

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From Theory to Design: The Role of Creativity in Designing Experiments

Source: Laboratories of Gary Lewandowski, Dave Strohmetz, and Natalie Ciarocco&#8212;Monmouth University

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Apply scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations, and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems

PHYS.1.B

guidelines-in-case-of-a-laboratory-emergency

Guidelines in Case of a Laboratory Emergency

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
The most common laboratory emergencies include chemical spills, ...

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Electrical Safety Precautions and Basic Equipment

Source: Ali Bazzi, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
Electric machines and power electronics experiments ...

Electrical Safety

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Emergency Eyewash and Shower Stations

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Use appropriate safety equipment and practices during laboratory, classroom, and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards

PHYS.1.C

Common Lab Glassware and Uses

Source: Laboratory of Dr. Neal Abrams &#8212; SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Glassware is a regular appearance in the professional ...

Lab Techniques

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Scientific Measurement and Lab Skills

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Cleaning Glassware

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Proper Lab Notebook Keeping

Source: Lara Al Hariri and Ahmed Basabrain at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA

	Nitration of Methyl BenzoateExpand
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Sample Preparation for Analytical Characterization

Source: Laboratory of Dr. B. Jill Venton - University of Virginia
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Making Solutions in the Laboratory

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Use appropriate tools such as balances, ballistic carts or equivalent, batteries, computers, constant velocity cars, convex lenses, copper wire, discharge tubes with power supply (H, He, Ne, Ar), data acquisition probes and software, dynamics and force demonstration equipment, electrostatic generators, electrostatic kits, friction blocks, graph paper, graphing technology, hand-held visual spectroscopes, inclined planes, iron filings, lab masses, laser pointers, magnets, magnetic compasses, metric rulers, motion detectors, multimeters (current, voltage, resistance), optics bench, optics kit, photogates, plane mirrors, prisms, protractors, pulleys, resistors, rope or string, scientific calculators, stopwatches, springs, spring scales, switches, tuning forks, wave generators, or other equipment and materials that will produce the same results.

PHYS.1.D

Units and Standards of Measurement

A physical quantity is defined either by specifying its measurement method or by stating how it is calculated from other measurements. For example, ...

International System of Units

The International System of Units, known as the SI system, is a universally accepted measurement system recognized and used worldwide. The SI system is ...

Base Quantities and Derived Quantities

In any system of units, the units for some physical quantities must be specified through a measurement process. These measurements are the base quantities ...

How Data are Classified: Numerical Data

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Quantitative Analysis

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Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative analysis is the process of identifying elements, ions, or compounds in an unknown sample. It is the first and most fundamental type of ...

Collect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) and qualitative data as evidence

PHYS.1.E

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative ...

Ogive Graph

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Histogram

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Relative Frequency Histogram

The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. ...

Scatter Plot

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Time-Series Graph

A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time. It is also called a time series chart. To construct ...

Bar Graph

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Multiple Bar Graph

As the name suggests, a multiple bar graph is the same as a bar graph but has multiple bars to depict relationships between different data values. One can ...

Pareto Chart

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Pie Chart

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Life Tables

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It comprises multiple columns, each serving a practical purpose, ...

Contingency Table

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Organize quantitative and qualitative data using bar charts, line graphs, scatter plots, data tables, labeled diagrams, and conceptual mathematical relationships

PHYS.1.F

Engineering mechanics is a branch of engineering that studies motion and the forces acting on objects. It is a fundamental subject and forms the basis of ...

Problem Solving in Statics

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Free-body Diagrams: Problem Solving

Free-body diagrams are essential tools for physicists and engineers studying the motion of objects. Free-body diagrams are graphical representations of ...

Equilibrium and Free-body Diagrams

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Mechanical Systems

In mechanical systems, springs, and masses are akin to the roles of inductors and capacitors in electrical networks, with the energy-dissipating function ...

One-Degree-of-Freedom System

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Dynamics of Structures

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Stability of Equilibrium Configuration: Problem Solving

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Develop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to engineering problems

What is a Hypothesis?

A hypothesis can be a simple sentence or statement about a property or any phenomenon observed or predicted for a population. It is usually a claim about ...

Null and Alternative Hypotheses

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Distinguish among scientific hypotheses, theories, and laws.

PHYS.1.H

Scientific and engineering practices. The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to answer questions, explain phenomena, or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

Fundamental Quantities in Engineering Mechanics

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