Name: gravity between masses and distance
Uploaded: 2023-09-22T11:49:18.000Z
Duration: 1 min 24 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

Earth Science

Earth’s Place In The Universe

HS-ESS1-4

Newton's Law of Gravitational Attraction

ニュートンの重力引力の法則は、質量m1とm2の2つの粒子が距離rで離れているとき、それらは等しく反対の力で互いに引き合うと述べています。
引力は粒子を結ぶ線に沿って作用し、粒子の質量の積として直接変化し、粒子間の距離の2乗として反比例します。ここで、Gは重力定数として知られる普遍的な定数です。
地球が物体に加える引力は、物体の重量です。これは、物体の質量と重力による加速度の積で、ニュートンで表されます。
重力セパレーター、ドロップハンマー、重力コンベヤーは、ニュートンの重力の法則の原理に基づいて機能するいくつかの機械ツールです。
ドロップハンマーの鍛造プロセスを考えてみましょう。ここでは、特定の重量のハンマーを特定の高さまで持ち上げてから、自由に落下させます。
地球は強い引力を持っているため、ハンマーは常に落ちます。この落下によって生じる力は、ワークピースに必要な形状を与えます。

<ol>
	<li>ヒベラー、RC(2016)。エンジニアリングメカニクス \u2012 静力学と力学。 ニュージャージー州ホーボーケン:ピアソンプレンティスホール。7ページ</li>
	<li>ビール、FP;ジョンストン、ER;マズレック、D.F;クロムウェル、PJおよびセルフ、BP(2019)。エンジニアのためのベクトル力学 \u2012 静力学と動力学。ニューヨーク:マグロウヒル。4 ページと 5 ページ</li>
	<li>メリアム、J.L.;Kraige、LGおよびBolton、JN(2020)。エンジニアリングメカニクス \u2012 静力学。ニュージャージー州ホーボーケン:ジョン・ワイリー。7 ページと 8 ページ</li>
</ol>

万有引力の法則

アイザック・ニュートンは経験的証拠と帰納的推論に基づいて、万有引力の法則の普遍性を確立しました。彼はその成果を1687年7月5日に『自然哲学の数学的原理（プリンキピア）』という著書に出版しました。

ニュートンの万有引力の法則は物体間の引力を統治する物理学の基本的な法則です。これによれば、任意の2つの物体間の重力の大きさは、それぞれの質量に比例し、互いの距離の2乗に反比例します。

質量が大きい物体間の引力はより強力です。全ての物体対は重力の力を経験します。この法則の最も普遍的な応用の一つは、太陽系の惑星の運動の理解です。惑星と太陽の間の引力が、惑星が太陽の周りを回る原因です。これはまた、月の引力が地球に及ぼす潮汐のような現象を説明します。

この法則が使用されるもう一つの例は、ローラーコースターの設計です。ローラーコースターの台車は、最初の急勾配の丘を登るための初期の力を提供するチェーンリフトヒルで動かされます。山の頂上に着いたら、重力が台車をトラックを通って一連のターン、ループ、落下に引っ張ります。

万有引力の法則は多くの現象を説明するのに成功しており、例えば、宇宙に存在する異なる物体がお互いにどのように影響するか、重力が物体の重さに貢献し、地面にとどまる原因となり、月が地球を回る仕組みや惑星の動きが起こる仕組み、潮汐力の生成などが含まれます。

アイザック・ニュートン卿は、経験的証拠と帰納的推論に基づいて、重力の法則の普遍性を確立しました。彼は彼の...

Education

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

機械工学

Unit 1

ユニット1

An Introduction to Statics

静力学入門

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

主要用語と概念

gravity between masses and distance

Newton’s law of gravitational attraction describes how gravity acts between two objects. Sir Isaac Newton built this law from empirical evidence and inductive reasoning. He published it in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, or the Principia, on July 5, 1687.

The law says that the gravitational force between any two objects depends on their masses and their distance apart. The force is proportional to mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. In simple terms, larger masses create stronger gravity, while greater distance weakens the force.

Every pair of bodies experiences gravitational force. This law helps explain the motion of the planets in the solar system. The pull between the Sun and the planets keeps them moving around the Sun.

Newton’s law also explains tides on Earth. The Moon’s gravitational force on Earth produces tidal forces. The same idea helps describe roller coasters, too. A chain lift hill gives the cart its initial motion up the first steep hill, and then gravity pulls it down through turns, loops, and drops.

This universal law of gravitation is important because it explains many large-scale effects in the macroscopic universe. It accounts for a body’s weight and helps keep us on the ground. It also describes the Moon’s motion around Earth, planetary motion, and the generation of tides.

Gravity Between Masses and Distance

an introduction to mechanics

Mechanics in Physics and Engineering

Mechanics is a key branch of physics that explains how objects stay at rest or move when forces act on them. It also has major uses in engineering and science. The topic helps students understand everyday motion, machine behavior, and the way many systems work. The recorded history of mechanics begins with Aristotle, who lived from 384 to 322 BC. He linked mechanics with physical theory and looked for a broad universal explanation. Later, Newton defined mechanics as the study of objects at...

basic concept

Fundamental Quantities in Engineering Mechanics

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newton's law of motion

Newton's Laws and Everyday Motion

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newton's law of gravitational attraction

Newton’s law of gravitational attraction describes how gravity acts between two objects. Sir Isaac Newton built this law from empirical evidence and inductive reasoning. He published it in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, or the Principia, on July 5, 1687. The law says that the gravitational force between any two objects depends on their masses and their distance apart. The force is proportional to mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects.

units of measurement

SI and Customary Measurement Systems

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numerical calculations

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accuracy, limits, and approximation

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dimensional analysis

Using Dimensions to Check Physics Equations

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problem solving in statics

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key terms and concepts

Explore Newton’s law of gravitation, how mass and distance affect gravity, and why it explains planets, tides, and roller coasters.

Gravity Between Masses and Distance | JoVE K12

JoVE Core 機械工学は、平衡、力、トラス解析、構造力学などの重要なトピックをカバーする簡潔でわかりやすいアニメーション ビデオを提供します。実際のアプリケーションを探索し、科学者主導の実験を通じてこれらのコンセプトが実際に動作しているのを目撃してください。

mechanical engineering

south-carolina-college-and-career-ready-science-standards

South Carolina College and Career Ready Science Standards

Physics

motion-and-stability-forces-and-interactions

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

P-PS2-4

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Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion

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Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion

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Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and the role of nuclear fusion in the sun's core to release energy that eventually reaches Earth in the form of radiation.  Emphasis is on the energy transfer mechanisms that allow energy from nuclear fusion in the sun's core to reach Earth. Examples of evidence for the model include observations of the masses and lifetimes of other stars, as well as the ways that the sun's radiation varies due to sudden solar flares ("space weather"), the 11-year sunspot cycle, and non-cyclic variations over centuries .

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Construct an explanation of the Big Bang theory based on astronomical evidence of light spectra, motion of distant galaxies, and composition of matter in the universe.  Emphasis is on the astronomical evidence of the red shift of light from galaxies as an indication that the universe is currently expanding, the cosmic microwave background as the remnant radiation from the Big Bang, and the observed composition of ordinary matter of the universe, primarily found in stars and intersellar gases (from the spectra of electromagnetic radiation from stars), which matches that predicted by Big Bang theory .

HS-ESS1-2

Communicate scientific ideas about the way stars, over their life cycle, produce elements.  Emphasis is on the way nucleosynthesis, and therefore the different elements created, depends on the mass of a star and the stage of its lifetime .

HS-ESS1-3

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Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

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Igneous Volcanic Rock

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Igneous Intrusive Rock

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Evaluate evidence of the past and current movements of continental and oceanic crust and the theory of plate tectonics to explain the ages of crustal rocks.  Emphasis is on the ability of plate tectonics to explain the ages of crustal rocks. Examples include evidence of the ages of oceanic crust increasing with distance from mid-ocean ridges (a result of plate spreading) and the ages of North American continental crust decreasing with distance away from a central ancient continental center (a result of past plate interactions) .

HS-ESS1-5

Apply scientific reasoning and evidence from ancient Earth materials, meteorites, and other planetary surfaces to construct an account of Earth's formation and early history.  Emphasis is on using available evidence within the solar system to reconstruct the early history of Earth, which formed along with the rest of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago. Examples include the absolute age of ancient materials (obtained by radiometric dating of meteorites, moon rocks, and Earth's oldest materials), the sizes and compositions of solar system objects, and the impact cratering record of planetary surfaces .

HS-ESS1-6

Gravity Between Masses and Distance

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