Name: quality control charts and lab records
Uploaded: 2024-12-05T18:31:54.000Z
Duration: 1 min 5 s
Channel: JoVE

3つの循環的な品質保証活動の1つである品質管理は、システムが統計的に管理されていることを証明するための活動の傘です。
これらの活動には、品質管理チャート、技能試験、文書化、アーカイブが含まれます。
品質管理管理図は、定性的指標として機能する分析の1つの特性の連続プロットです。
特定の分析特性は、標準物質の既知の特性値と比較されます。測定値が基準値から選択した標準偏差の制御限界範囲外にある場合は、分析条件の検査が必要です。
技能試験は、複数のラボにわたるパフォーマンスの分析です。各ラボの結果は、すべてのラボの結果の平均と比較されます(参照として、または認証標準物質と比較されます)。さまざまなラボからのバリエーションは、zスコアによって特徴付けられます。

品質管理

品質管理は、システムを統計的に管理するのに役立つ 3 つの周期的な品質保証活動の 1 つです。一般的な品質管理活動には、品質管理チャートの作成、技能試験の実施、結果の文書化とアーカイブ化などがあります。

品質管理は、データの追跡、傾向の視覚化、変動の特定に役立ち、分析の精度に影響を与える可能性のある偏差の検出が容易になります。これを行う 1 つの方法は、1 つ以上の分析特性の値を経時的にプロットする品質管理チャートを作成することです。これらの特性は、分析中にさまざまな時点で繰り返し監視および測定されます。各測定値は、参照物質の既知の値と比較されます。測定値が管理限界の範囲外にある場合は、検査が必要です。管理限界は通常、参照値からの標準偏差として定義されます。必要に応じて、システムの統計的管理を維持するために、分析条件を変更する必要があります。

技能試験は、複数のラボで同時に行われる分析です。すべてのラボから得られた結果の平均または既知の標準参照値を使用して、個々のラボの結果の変動を比較します。 Z スコアは、基準値からのこの値の偏差を推定します。

文書化とアーカイブ化は、ラボプロセスの透明性と追跡可能性を確保する品質保証の重要な側面です。サンプルの保管、機器の校正、標準操作手順、結果など、品質管理と品質保証に関連するすべての活動は、適切に文書化する必要があります。このプロセスには、将来のチェックの参照となる包括的な記録の作成が含まれます。

各文書は、作成または管理の責任者に明確に遡る必要があります。これには、多くの場合、関係者が文書に署名して日付を記入する必要があり、プロセスに説明責任が加わります。適切な文書化は、システムの統計的制御をサポートするだけでなく、品質管理プロセスの変動を特定する上で重要な役割を果たします。正確なアーカイブにより、過去のデータを取得、評価し、将来の分析について情報に基づいた決定を下すために使用できるようになります。

品質管理は、システムを統計的管理下に保つのに役立つ3つの周期的な品質保証活動の1つです。典型的な品質管理...

Education

JoVE Core

Analytical Chemistry

分析化学

Unit 1

ユニット1

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

分析法の開発およびサンプリング技術

method-development-and-sampling-techniques

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

主要用語と概念

Quality Control

quality control charts and lab records

Quality control charts, proficiency testing, and lab records are key parts of quality control in a laboratory. These steps help keep a system under statistical control. They also help track data, show trends, and spot variations that may affect the accuracy of an analysis.

One common tool is a quality control chart. This chart plots one or more analytical characteristics over time. The measured values are taken at different times during the analysis and compared with the known value of reference material. If a result falls outside the controlled limits, usually set by standard deviation from the reference value, the sample needs inspection. The analysis conditions may then be adjusted to keep the system under statistical control.

Proficiency testing is another quality control activity. It involves the same sample or analysis being run across multiple laboratories at the same time. The mean result from all labs, or a known standard reference value, is used to compare how much individual lab results vary. A Z score is then used to estimate how far each value is from the reference value.

Documentation and archiving are also critical in quality assurance. Every step related to quality control should be recorded, including sample custody, instrument calibration, standard operating procedures, and results. These records create a clear reference for later checks and must trace back to the person responsible. Signing and dating documents adds accountability. Good archives make past data easy to retrieve, review, and use for future decisions.

Quality Control Charts and Lab Records

development of analytical methods

Analytical Methods: Technique to Protocol

Analytical methods follow a clear path from technique to protocol. In analytical chemistry, a technique is the scientific principle used to explain a chemical measurement. A method applies that technique to a sample of interest. The next steps are procedure and protocol. A procedure gives the directions for carrying out the analysis with an analytical method. A protocol is the detailed set of guidelines for that procedure, and it should be followed closely to get the desired results. <br...

quality control

Quality control charts, proficiency testing, and lab records are key parts of quality control in a laboratory. These steps help keep a system under statistical control. They also help track data, show trends, and spot variations that may affect the accuracy of an analysis. One common tool is a quality control chart. This chart plots one or more analytical characteristics over time. The measured values are taken at different times during the analysis and compared with the known value of...

quality assurance

Quality Checks in Analytical Testing

Quality assurance in analytical testing brings together the checks that help a system perform properly. It includes quality control, quality assessment, and internal corrective measures. These parts work in a cycle to support reliable results. Quality control happens before and during the analysis. Quality assessment takes place during and after the investigation. Internal corrective measures are then based on the results of post-analysis quality assessment, or they may be applied before a new...

data validation

How Analytical Methods Are Checked

Method validation checks whether an analytical chemistry method gives reliable results. It is especially important when the same method is used with different sample matrices or when the procedure is changed. Validation helps show that the method still meets acceptable standards in each case. Several key checks are used in method validation. Specificity means the method can measure the target analyte without interference from other substances. Linearity means the result changes in direct...

qualitative analysis

Classical and Instrumental Sample ID

Qualitative analysis identifies the elements, ions, or compounds in an unknown sample. It is the first step in the hierarchy of analytical goals. That makes it the starting point for scientific study before quantitative analysis or other forms of analysis. Two main approaches are used in qualitative analysis: classical methods and instrumental methods. Classical methods depend on the visible or sensory result of a chemical reaction, such as a color change, a precipitate, or even a smell. These...

quantitative analysis

Measuring Analyte Concentration

Quantitative analysis measures the amount of a specific substance, called the analyte, in a sample. If the sample composition is unknown, qualitative analysis comes first. That step identifies the components so the correct substances can be measured during the quantitative phase. This method depends on two key measurements. Scientists measure the sample quantity and also a property that is proportional to the amount of analyte. Together, these measurements help determine the analyte...

instrument calibration

Calibrating Lab Instruments for Accurate Results

Calibration helps lab instruments produce accurate and consistent results. It is important in manufacturing, healthcare, testing laboratories, and scientific research. Each instrument needs a calibration process that matches its design and function. This process improves data accuracy and helps results stay reliable. An analytical balance measures mass and needs regular calibration to stay precise. It is calibrated by comparing its readings with known standard weights. These weights act as...

glassware calibration

Calibrating Lab Glassware for Accurate Volume

Calibrating lab glassware helps students measure liquids accurately in the analytical laboratory. It reduces volume errors and supports consistent results across measurements. This matters when using volumetric flasks, pipettes, burettes, and other tools that depend on precise volume readings. Volumetric flasks are used to prepare aqueous solutions with a precise final volume. They have a calibration line on the neck. To calibrate one, fill it with distilled water until the meniscus, the...

standard solutions

Preparing Standard Solutions in the Lab

Standard solutions are prepared to have a precisely known concentration or composition. In analytical chemistry, this accuracy is important because it supports reliable results. A primary standard is a highly pure, stable substance with a high molar mass. It is fully soluble in water, which is the most commonly used solvent in analytical chemistry. A primary standard solution can be used to standardize a secondary standard. Secondary standards have known concentrations, but they are usually...

blank solutions

Blank Solutions in Analytical Testing

Blank solutions are used in analytical testing to show the background signal before a sample is measured. A blank solution does not contain the analyte, which is the substance of interest being tested or measured. It is usually made with the same reagents and procedure as the sample solution, but without the analyte. The main purpose of a blank solution is to control for background interference and contamination. Reagents, solvents, or lab equipment can sometimes create a detectable signal on...

sampling methods: overview

How Sampling Shapes Lab Results

Sampling shapes lab results by determining how a smaller sample represents a larger population. In analytical chemistry, testing an entire population is often impractical or impossible, so samples are collected to make inferences about the whole group. The sampling method is the process used to choose individuals or items for that sample. Common sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. Each method can affect the quality of the data in a...

sampling methods: sample types

Sampling Materials in Solid, Liquid, Gas

Sampling materials are grouped as solid, liquid, or gas. The type of sample helps decide the right collection method. Solid samples can include sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Sediment sampling from water bodies can be done in two common ways. Grab sampling uses a device to collect a discrete sample from the bottom with minimal disturbance. These samples may not show the full area because conditions can vary from place to place. Piston coring collects a...

sampling plans

Choosing Samples for Reliable Results

Sampling is a key step in analytical chemistry. It helps researchers collect data that represents a larger population. The main sampling methods in this topic are random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. Random sampling gives each member of the population an equal chance of being chosen. Researchers often use a random number generator or a lottery-style method. For example, a polymer sheet can be divided into 1 cm x 1 cm sections, and 10 sections can be selected at...

sample preparation for analysis: overview

Preparing Samples by State and Form

Sample preparation depends on the state and form of the sample before analysis. It helps make the sample ready for accurate measurement. The main goal is to extract the analyte, which is the substance being measured, and remove parts that could interfere with the analysis. Solid samples often need the most handling. Large solids are usually ground, crushed, or milled to make them smaller and increase surface area. The sample is then sieved and mixed so it has a uniform composition. After that,...

sample preparation for analysis: advanced techniques

sample-preparation-for-analysis-advanced-techniques

Preparing Complex Samples for Analysis

Preparing complex samples for analysis often requires special digestion and fusion methods. Samples with inorganic or organic material can be hard to dissolve or break down. Common sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion. These steps help turn difficult samples into forms that can be tested reliably and again with similar results. Acid digestion is often used for inorganic materials that do not dissolve in water. It is useful for soil and...

sample handling

Sample Transport and Storage Basics

Sample transport and storage help keep specimens intact before testing. Moving a sample from the collection point to the laboratory requires careful handling. The sample should be sealed well and clearly labeled. These steps help prevent cross-contamination and support reliable results. Temperature control is also important during transport. Some samples travel in insulated containers, cool packs, or refrigerated vehicles so they stay within the needed temperature range. After the samples...

contaminants and errors

Sampling Errors in Sample Preparation

Sampling errors in sample preparation can affect the accuracy of laboratory results. Two common problems are concentration bias from poor sample splitting and contamination from reducing particle size by grinding or homogenization. Recognizing these errors helps make analysis more reliable. The number of samples also matters when a target population follows a normal distribution. In that case, the sample size ns can be found with a formula that uses the t-value for the chosen confidence level,...

key terms and concepts

Learn how quality control charts, proficiency testing, documentation, and archiving help labs track data, check accuracy, and stay under statistical control.

Quality Control Charts and Lab Records | JoVE K12

JoVE Core 分析化学 は、複雑な化学原理をアニメーションで視覚化することで、SI 単位から NMR 分光法を含むトピックをよりわかりやすくします。実験を撮影した実写動画では、これらの概念が世界中の研究所でどのように応用されているかを取り上げています。

analytical chemistry

Quality Control Charts and Lab Records

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