At the end of this lab, students should know...
化学反応速度論は、化学反応のメカニズムとそれに関連する速度を説明しています。
反応速度は、反応物の濃度、反応の温度、反応が起こっている圧力、および反応物の物質の状態によって影響を受けます。
反応速度は、時間の経過に伴う製品の濃度の変化を表します。反応速度はM/sの単位で定義されます。
反応順序は、反応速度が各反応物の濃度に依存することを表します。化学量論とは関係ありません。
出典:米国ジョンズ・ホプキンス大学(米国メリーランド州)のSmaa Koraym
ここでは、10人の学生がペアで作業するための解決策の準備を示していますが、多少の過剰さがあります。必要に応じて数量を調整してください。
| 1 支持台付き攪拌板 |
| 1 中 3 極クランプ (または試験管クランプ) |
| 1 温度計クランプ |
| 1 ラベル付き試験管 |
| 1 小さな磁気攪拌棒 |
| 50 mL ビーカー 1 |
| 100 mL ビーカー |
| 1 600-mL ビーカー |
| 50mm 腕時計用メガネ 2 |
| 10 mLメスシリンダー |
| 20 mL メスフラスコ 1 |
| 10 mL 容量ピペット 1 |
| 5mL メスピペット 1 |
| 1 容量ピペットディスペンサー |
| 1 試験管ブラシ |
| 1 ガラス温度計 |
| 1 タイマーまたはストップウォッチ |
| 1組の長い鉗子 |
| ペンでラボテープを1ロール |
| pH 紙 1 パッケージ |
| 1組のハサミ |
View the full transcript and gain access to JoVE Lab Manual videos
Q1: How do you prepare a 0.2 M sodium thiosulfate solution in the lab?
Weigh 37.227 g of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate and transfer it into a 1-L volumetric flask using a powder funnel. Add 600 mL of deionized water, stir until homogeneous, then add 150 mL more water and continue stirring. Once fully dissolved and mixed, transfer the solution to a labeled 750-mL bottle for storage.
Q2: What is the correct procedure for diluting concentrated HCl to 6 M?
Measure 174 mL of 12.1 M HCl using a graduated cylinder and pour it into a 500-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Slowly add 176 mL of deionized water to the acid, never the reverse. Stir with a magnetic stir bar until homogeneous, then transfer to a labeled 500-mL bottle for storage in the instructor's hood.
Q3: Why must sodium thiosulfate and HCl solutions be prepared in a fume hood?
HCl is toxic and highly corrosive, while sodium thiosulfate is an irritant. Preparing these solutions in a fume hood protects students from harmful vapors and chemical exposure. Additionally, sulfur dioxide gas evolves from product mixtures during the experiment, requiring continued fume hood use and overnight ventilation.
Q4: What equipment should be set up at each fume hood for student pairs?
Each station requires a stir plate with support stand, test tube with X label, magnetic stir bar, beakers (50 mL, 100 mL, 600 mL), graduated cylinders, volumetric flasks and pipettes, watch glasses, thermometer, timer, clamps, forceps, and lab tape. This setup enables students to safely conduct concentration-dependent experiments with proper measurement and mixing capabilities.
Q5: How should waste materials be handled after the concentration dependence experiment?
Neutralize acid waste according to lab protocols and collect sodium thiosulfate waste in a designated container. Leave neutralized waste in the fume hood overnight to allow sulfur dioxide gas to evolve. After at least 12 hours, flush the liquid down the drain and dispose of solid sulfur and baking soda in the lab trash.
Q6: What safety precautions should be taken before preparing solutions?
Put on a lab coat, splash-proof safety glasses, and nitrile gloves before beginning. Obtain a waste container for aqueous sodium thiosulfate in advance and fill a 250-mL wash bottle with deionized water near the waste container. These precautions protect against chemical splashes and provide immediate access to water for emergencies.