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JoVE Core
Analytical Chemistry
原子核:磁気共鳴
原子核:磁気共鳴
JoVE Core
Analytical Chemistry
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JoVE Core Analytical Chemistry
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

7.7: 原子核:磁気共鳴

932 Views
01:05 min
April 4, 2024
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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

低エネルギー状態で整列した核スピンの数は、高エネルギー状態でのスピン数よりもわずかに多くなります。外部磁場の存在下では、スピンがラーマー周波数で歳差運動を行うと、過剰な集団はz軸に沿った正味の磁化をもたらします。ラーマー周波数のパルスまたは短い電波のバーストがx軸に沿って印加されると、周波数の結合が共振を引き起こし、過剰集団の核スピンを低エネルギー状態から高エネルギー状態に反転させ、これにより正味の磁化がz軸からy軸にシフトする。印加された放射線を取り出すと、核スピンが吸収されたエネルギーを失い、スピンアップ状態に戻ると、正味の磁化ベクトルはz軸に沿った向きに戻り、平衡が確立されます。すべてのNMR活性原子核は核磁気共鳴を示し、これがNMR分光法とイメージングの基礎を形成します。

Transcript

低エネルギー状態で整列した原子核スピンのごく一部は、過剰な人口を表しています。

スピンがラーマー周波数ωでB0場の周りを歳差運動すると、それらの磁気モーメントの合計により、z軸の周りに正味の磁化が生じます。

パルスまたは短い電波のバーストがx軸に沿って印加されると、原子核はラーマー周波数に対応するエネルギーを吸収します。

周波数の結合は共振を引き起こし、過剰な集団の核スピンを低エネルギー状態から高エネルギー状態に反転させ、正味の磁化をy軸にシフトします。

放射線パルスを引っ張ると、核スピンは吸収されたエネルギーを失います。正味の磁化ベクトルはz軸に戻り、平衡が確立されます。

すべてのNMR活性原子核は核磁気共鳴を示し、これがNMR分光法とイメージングの基礎を形成します。

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Nuclear magnetic resonance (Main keyword) - A technique that exploits the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei for spectroscopy and imaging.
  • Atomic resonance - The phenomenon of an atom's nuclei oscillating at specific frequencies under energy influence.
  • Nuclear magnetization - The net magnetization oriented along an axis due to the excess nuclear spin population.
  • Larmor frequency - The frequency at which nuclear spins precess in an external magnetic field.
  • NMR-active nuclei - Those atomic nuclei which exhibit nuclear magnetic resonance.

Learning Objectives

  • Define Nuclear magnetic resonance - Explain what it is (e.g., nuclear magnetization of atomic nuclei).
  • Contrast Nuclear Magnetization vs Atomic Magnetization – Explain key differences (e.g., orientation of nuclei in an external magnetic field).
  • Explore Examples – Describe scenario (e.g., application of radio waves at the Larmor frequency causes atomic resonance and change in nuclear spin).
  • Explain Process – Magnetic influence on atomic nuclei and the resulting resonance.
  • Apply in Context – How nuclear magnetic resonance contributes to spectroscopy and imaging.

Questions that this video will help you answer

  • What is nuclear magnetic resonance and how does it cause atomic resonance?
  • How is nuclear magnetization oriented in an external magnetic field?
  • What is the role of the Larmor frequency in atomic resonance?

This video is also useful for

  • Students – Understand How nuclear magnetic resonance can provide insight into chemical structures.
  • Educators – Provides a clear framework it helps with teaching atomic structure and interactions.
  • Research Scientists – Relevance in the study of biomolecular chemistry and medical imaging.
  • Physics Enthusiasts – Offer insights into the interaction of magnetic fields with atomic nuclei.

Explore More Videos

原子核 磁気共鳴 核スピン 外部磁場 ラーマー周波数 ネット磁化 共鳴 電波 核磁気共鳴(NMR) NMR分光法 NMRイメージング エネルギー状態

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