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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.
基底層は、細胞の下にあり、細胞を他の組織から分離する薄い細胞外層です。 基底層の 3 つの層は、透明層、緻密層、網状層です。 糖タンパク質とコラーゲンの混合物である基底層は、上皮の付着部位を提供し、下にある結合組織から上皮を分離します。 基底層のフレームワークには、ラミニン メッシュ、パーレカン、エンタクチン、IV 型コラーゲンなどの他の必須タンパク質があります。
細胞膜内のインテグリンやジストログリカンなどのタンパク質は、基底層のラミニンやフィブロネクチンなどのタンパク質に付着し、細胞を結合組織の細胞外マトリックスと関連付けます。 腎臓に存在する基底層は分子フィルターとして機能しますが、神経筋接合部では基底層が筋細胞を取り囲み、シナプスの神経細胞から筋細胞を分離します。 基底層はさらに、損傷後のシナプスの再生を助け、アセチルコリン受容体の局在化を助けます。
The basement membrane or basal lamina is a specialized form of extracellular matrix or ECM. Its organization and function depend on the cell type to which it is attached.
For example, at the neuromuscular junction, the basal lamina surrounds the muscle cells, separating them from the nerve cells. In contrast, the basal lamina in the epithelium is placed below the cells, separating them from the underlying connective tissue.
In the kidney glomerulus, it is present between sheets of endothelial and epithelial cells, acting as a molecular filter preventing the passage of macromolecules from the blood into the urine.
The basal lamina is mainly composed of type IV collagen, and glycoproteins such as laminins, entactin and perlecan.
These proteins together act as a bridge by linking the cells to the ECM of the connective tissue.
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