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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.
薬物に関連するアレルギー反応は、免疫系による過敏反応であり、薬物の治療有効性とは無関係です。薬物自体は免疫反応を引き起こしませんが、内因性のタンパク質と結合して抗原を形成することがあります。これらの抗原はリンパ球を刺激して抗体を生成します。IgE型の抗体はマスト細胞に結合します。同じ刺激に再びさらされると、抗原-抗体の相互作用が開始され、多くの介在物質が放出され、タイプIのアレルギー反応が引き起こされます。これらの反応は主に皮膚、消化管、呼吸器に影響を与えます。
タイプIIの反応は、薬物によって変性した宿主細胞と相互作用するIgGおよびIgM型の抗体によって引き起こされます。この相互作用は補体系を刺激し、抗体が微生物や損傷した細胞を排除する能力を高めます。
タイプIIIの反応は、可溶性抗原に結合した抗体によって中介されます。これらは免疫複合体とも呼ばれ、補体系を活性化し、介在物質の放出を促して炎症反応を引き起こします。
最後に、タイプIVの過敏症反応、または細胞性過敏症反応は、抗体を介さずに活性化されたT細胞によって中介されます。これらのT細胞は細胞シグナリングにおける重要なタンパク質であるサイトカインを放出し、炎症反応を引き起こすためにマクロファージや好中球を収集します。
Drug-related allergic reactions are hypersensitivity reactions mediated by the immune system and unrelated to the drug's therapeutic action.
Drugs, by themselves, do not provoke an immune response. However, they may combine with endogenous proteins to form antigens, which induce lymphocytes to produce antibodies.
IgE-type antibodies fix themselves on mast cells. Subsequent re-exposure to the same stimulus triggers the antigen-antibody interaction, liberating several mediators that produce type I allergic reactions. The reaction targets the skin, GI tract, and respiratory system.
Type II reactions involve IgG and IgM antibodies that interact with drug-altered host cells. The interaction activates the complement.
Type III reactions are mediated by antibodies bound to soluble antigens, also called immune complexes. They activate the complement and stimulate the release of mediators that cause inflammatory responses.
Type IV reactions involve a sensitization phase that produces activated T-cells. These release cytokines, which recruit macrophages and neutrophils to generate an inflammatory response.
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