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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.
抗コリンエステラーゼ剤、別名コリンエステラーゼ阻害剤とも呼ばれていますが、アセチルコリンの分解を阻害し、その蓄積をシナプス間隙で引き起こします。この蓄積は間接的にムスカリン作用とニコチン作用の両方を強化します。これらの薬物は、作用機序に基づいて可逆性または不可逆性に分類されます。
不可逆性の薬物は、コリンエステラーゼ酵素と強力な結合を形成し、その酵素を非活性化します。リン酸化された酵素の分解速度はカルバミル化された酵素よりも遅く、酵素の再生成が困難になります。時間の経過とともに、リン酸化された酵素はアルキル基を失い、反応性が低下するというエイジングと呼ばれるプロセスを経験します。このエイジングプロセスにより酵素の再生成が妨げられ、シナプス間隙にアセチルコリンが蓄積します。これによりコリンエルギックな作用が悪化し、不可逆性抗コリンエステラーゼ剤の毒性有効性に寄与します。
抗コリンエステラーゼ剤中毒の治療にはいくつかの対策があります。摂取された毒物を除去するために胃洗浄が行われます。水分補給、血圧の維持、気道の確保が不可欠です。患者のけいれんをコントロールするためにジアゼパムが投与されます。ムスカリンの副作用は静脈内アトロピンの投与により管理されますが、ニコチン作用による筋の麻痺はアトロピンで逆転することはできません。有機リン中毒の場合、プラリドキシムやオビドキシムなどのコリンエステラーゼ再活性剤が神経筋伝達を回復するために使用されます。ただし、これらの再活性剤はエイジングプロセスが始まる前に投与される場合にのみ有効性があります。
Anticholinesterase agents prevent acetylcholine hydrolysis to enhance cholinergic actions.
Organophosphates—a type of anticholinesterase—interact covalently with AChE, yielding an irreversible phosphorylated enzyme.
It further undergoes aging with the loss of an alkyl group, and the complex formed is resistant to hydrolytic regeneration.
Aging inhibits AChE functioning and promotes acetylcholine accumulation, potentiating cholinergic responses leading to acute toxicity.
The handling of anticholinesterases, such as insecticides, can lead to accidental poisoning, and the symptoms manifest as a result of muscarinic and nicotinic activation.
In organophosphate poisoning, cholinesterase reactivators, such as pralidoxime, are effective before the enzyme undergoes aging. Pralidoxime binds to the anionic site of the enzyme through its charged quaternary nitrogen, while the oxime end reacts with the phosphorus atom. The resulting complex diffuses away, reactivating the enzyme.
The muscarinic symptoms are managed by IV administration of atropine.
Other treatment measures include gastric lavage, maintaining blood pressure, and ensuring airway patency.
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