扁桃炎 II: 管理

Viral tonsillitis is managed through supportive care including analgesia with acetaminophen, oral hydration, and salt-water gargles to relieve symptoms. Corticosteroids like dexamethasone may also be prescribed. Rest is essential for recovery. These interventions focus on symptom relief rather than targeting the virus itself, allowing the immune system to clear the infection naturally.

Penicillin is the first-line antibiotic for bacterial tonsillitis. Cephalosporins are effective alternatives. For patients with penicillin allergies, azithromycin or cephalosporins provide comparable treatment options. Patients must complete the entire prescribed antibiotic course to ensure complete bacterial eradication and prevent recurrence or resistance development.

Tonsillectomy is recommended when patients experience five or more tonsillitis episodes in one year, defined as recurrent tonsillitis. This surgical intervention removes the infected tonsils to prevent future infections. The decision for surgery depends on frequency and severity of episodes, considering both the benefits of infection prevention and postoperative recovery requirements.

After tonsillectomy, position the patient prone with the head turned to the side to facilitate drainage from the mouth and pharynx. Apply an ice collar to the neck to reduce discomfort and swelling. Provide a basin and tissues for expectoration of blood and mucus. These interventions minimize pain and promote proper healing during the critical immediate postoperative period.

Nurses must vigilantly monitor for fever, throat pain, ear pain, and bleeding—the most critical complication. Excessive or bright red bleeding, difficulty breathing, severe unrelieved pain, persistent nausea or vomiting, and fever above 101°F require immediate medical attention. Close monitoring during immediate postoperative and recovery periods is essential due to bleeding risk and potential airway compromise.

Patients should consume soft foods and avoid spicy, hot, acidic, or rough foods. Restrict milk and milk products as they increase mucus production. Refrain from vigorous toothbrushing, gargling, smoking, and heavy lifting or strenuous activities for ten days. Minimize talking and coughing to ease throat pain. These restrictions prevent bleeding, reduce pain, and support optimal healing.

Educate patients that throat pain typically subsides within 3 to 5 days and can be managed with liquid acetaminophen with or without codeine. Emphasize completing the entire antibiotic course and maintaining hydration. Explain warning signs requiring immediate medical attention, including excessive bleeding, breathing difficulty, and fever above 101°F. Understanding tonsillitis introduction helps contextualize why surgery was necessary.