5.3
ふるい分析と粒度曲線
ふるい分析は、骨材の粒度分布を決定するために使用される方法です。このプロセスには、次の手順が含まれます。
- 乾燥骨材サンプルの必要量を計量します。
- 計量した骨材を、開口部が最大のメッシュが上になるように、開口部のサイズが降順で並べられた四角い開口部を持つ一連のふるいに通してふるい分けます（表1の列1）…
骨材のふるい分析は、開口部のサイズを上から下に積み重ねたふるいのセットを使用して実行されます。
ふるいのサイズは、粗骨材と細骨材で異なります。
風乾した骨材のサンプルを秤量し、機械的に振とうするか、手動で指定時間振とうすることにより、ふるいを通してふる
いにかけます。このプロセスでは、各ふるいはメッシュサイズよりも粗い粒子を保持し、より細かい粒子が次のふるいに通過できるようにします。
各ふるいに保持された画分の重量が記録され、総質量のパーセンテージとして表され、表で表されます。
最も細かいふるいから始まり、上に向かって、各ふるいを通過する累積パーセンテージが計算され、最も近い1パーセントに丸められます。
さらに、半対数グラフを使用して、y軸上の通過率と対数的にスケーリングされたx軸上のふるい開口部を表します。
このグラフでは、各ふるいサイズに対応する累積通過率をプロットして、サイズに基づく凝集粒子の分布を示すグレーディング曲線を求めています。
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Q1: How is sieve analysis performed on aggregate samples?
Sieve analysis begins with weighing an air-dried aggregate sample, then passing it through a stack of sieves arranged in descending order of aperture size from top to bottom. The sieves are shaken mechanically or manually for a specified time, allowing finer particles to pass through while coarser particles are retained. The weight of material retained on each sieve is recorded and expressed as a percentage of total mass.
Q2: What is the purpose of calculating cumulative percentage passing in sieve analysis?
Cumulative percentage passing is calculated from the finest sieve moving upward to establish the foundation for grading curve development. This calculation, rounded to the nearest one percent, represents the proportion of aggregate particles finer than each sieve size. These values are plotted on the y-axis of a semi-logarithmic graph to visualize particle size distribution.
Q3: Why is a semi-logarithmic graph used to represent grading curves?
A semi-logarithmic graph is used because sieve apertures are plotted on a logarithmically scaled x-axis while cumulative passing percentages are plotted linearly on the y-axis. This scaling approach effectively displays the wide range of aggregate particle sizes and produces a grading curve that clearly indicates the distribution of particles across different size ranges.
Q4: What information does a grading curve provide about aggregates?
A grading curve visually simplifies the distribution of particle sizes within an aggregate sample by plotting cumulative passing percentages against sieve apertures. This graphical representation is essential for ensuring that aggregates meet required grading specifications for construction projects and helps engineers assess whether the material is suitable for specific applications.
Q5: How do sieve sizes differ between coarse and fine aggregates?
Sieve sizes vary for coarse aggregates and fine aggregates to accommodate their different particle size ranges. Coarse aggregates require larger mesh openings, while fine aggregates use smaller mesh sizes. The specific sieve stack selected depends on the aggregate classification and the particle size distribution being analyzed.
Q6: What does the weight retained on each sieve represent in sieve analysis?
The weight retained on each sieve represents the mass of particles coarser than that sieve's mesh size. This weight is recorded after sieving and then expressed as a percentage of the total sample mass. These percentages are essential for calculating cumulative passing values and constructing the grading curve.
Q7: Why must aggregate samples be air-dried before sieve analysis?
Air-drying the aggregate sample ensures consistent and accurate results by removing surface moisture that could affect particle behavior during sieving. Moisture can cause particles to clump together or stick to sieves, leading to incorrect weight measurements and inaccurate particle size distribution data.