3.3
自尊心
自尊心とは、心理的ウェルビーイングの中核をなす要素であり、自己の価値、能力、そして全体的な存在価値に関する肯定的・否定的な自己評価を反映するものです。これは一貫した特性であると同時に、生涯にわたる経験や社会的な相互作用を通じて変動する動的なプロセスでもあります。全体的な自尊心は包括的な自己評価を示し…
自尊心とは、個人が自分自身を肯定的または否定的に見ている程度を指し、自分自身に対する全体的な態度を表します。
研究者らは、自尊心が異なる可能性のある8つの領域、つまり学力、数学能力、言語能力、外見、運動能力、道徳、恋愛関係、社会的受容を特定しました。
個人は、これらの複数の領域にわたって自分自身を異なる方法で評価し、一部の領域を他の領域よりも好意的で重要視することがよくあります。たとえば、自分の言語能力には自信があるが、外見や運動能力には不安を感じている人もいるかもしれません。
自尊心は生涯を通じて比較的安定していますが、個人的な経験や社会的課題に応じて一時的に変化する可能性があり、安定した特性であると同時に柔軟な反応になります。
学生は中程度から高い自尊心を持って大学に入学することが多く、1年目は低下しますが、成績が高くなるほど自尊心が高まるため、学業成績によって着実に上昇します。
別の縦断的調査研究では、自尊心は一般に幼児期から上昇し、思春期から中年期にかけて徐々に増加し、50歳から60歳の間にピークに達し、その後高齢期に低下することが示されました。
View the full transcript and gain access to JoVE Core videos
Q1: What does self-esteem mean in psychology?
Self-esteem refers to the extent to which an individual views themselves positively or negatively, representing their overall attitude toward themselves. It reflects a person's evaluation of their own worth, competence, and overall value as a psychological construct that influences how people perceive themselves.
Q2: What are the main domains where self-esteem differs across individuals?
Researchers have identified eight domains in which self-esteem may differ: academic skills, math ability, verbal ability, physical appearance, athletic performance, morality, romantic relationships, and social acceptance. Individuals often evaluate themselves differently across these domains, viewing some more favorably and important than others.
Q3: How does self-esteem change during the college years?
Students often start college with moderate to high self-esteem, which dips in the first year but then steadily rises, frequently driven by academic performance. Higher grades boost self-esteem through sources of self esteem ii performance feedback, creating a characteristic trajectory of initial adjustment challenges followed by recovery and growth.
Q4: Is self-esteem stable or does it change over time?
Self-esteem is relatively stable across life but can temporarily shift in response to personal experiences and social challenges, making it both a stable trait and a flexible response. This plasticity allows individuals to adjust their self-views based on environmental factors and personal milestones.
Q5: How does self-esteem develop across the lifespan?
Self-esteem generally rises from early childhood, gradually increasing from adolescence to middle adulthood, peaking between ages 50 and 60. This peak likely reflects accumulated achievements and stable social roles, with a gradual decline often following in older adulthood due to health-related issues or shifts in social identity.
Q6: Why do some people feel confident in one area but insecure in another?
Self-esteem is multidimensional, varying across specific life domains. For example, someone may feel confident in their verbal skills but insecure about their physical appearance or athletic ability. The significance one attaches to each domain further moderates how these assessments influence overall self-view.
Q7: How does the importance of different domains affect overall self-esteem?
A domain considered important will weigh more heavily on an individual's overall self-view. While individuals evaluate themselves across eight key domains, not all domains are equally salient for everyone, so personal priorities determine which evaluations most influence global self-esteem and psychological well-being.