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Inflation means an increase in the overall price level.

It is often procyclical with the business cycle.

During periods of expansion, prices may rise because demand for goods and services across the economy may expand faster than supply.

A contraction usually leads to higher unemployment and lower incomes.

Demand for goods and services falls across the economy, and inflation typically falls.

However, inflation is not always procyclical.

For instance, the 1973 oil crisis led to a recession in many countries, but prices still rose sharply at that time.

In terms of timing, inflation is often seen as a lagging indicator.

This means inflation usually rises after an expansion begins, and it falls after a contraction starts.

This is because businesses take time to adjust prices after economic conditions change.

To summarize, inflation usually moves with the business cycle, but unexpected events, such as the 1973 oil crisis, can change this pattern and cause prices to rise even when the economy slows.