Name: cell adhesion molecules in tissues
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T11:55:46.000Z
Duration: 1 min 20 s
Channel: JoVE

세포 상호 작용은 인접한 세포 간의 물리적 접촉 지점입니다. 이들은 세포를 함께 유지하고 조직의 조정 기능에 필수적인 막간 통신을 가능하게 합니다.
안정적인 세포 상호 작용은 조직 조직을 지원하는 내피와 같은 조직에서 발견됩니다. 반대로, 약하고 일시적인 상호 작용은 면역 세포와 같이 자유롭게 움직이는 세포를 모집하는 데 도움이 됩니다.
이러한 세포 상호 작용은 집합적으로 세포 접착 분자 또는 CAM이라고 하는 특수 세포 표면 단백질을 통해 구체화됩니다.
CAM의 4가지 주요 패밀리 중 인테그린 패밀리는 세포와 세포 외 기질의 상호 작용에 관여하는 반면, 다른 3개 패밀리는 세포 간 상호 작용에 관여합니다.
첫 번째는 다른 세포에서 발현된 cadherins와 결합하여 안정적인 상호 작용을 형성하는 cadherins입니다.
두 번째는 셀렉틴입니다. 그들은 다른 세포의 표면에 있는 특정 탄수화물과 결합하여 일시적인 상호 작용을 형성합니다.
마지막으로, 면역글로불린 슈퍼패밀리(immunoglobulin superfamily)에 속하는 면역글로불린 유사 단백질은 다른 유사한 단백질과 인테그린을 다른 세포에 결합함으로써 일시적인 상호작용을 형성합니다.

<ol>
	<li>Harjunpää, Heidi, et al. "면역 및 종양 미세환경에서의 세포 접착 분자와 그 역할 및 조절."면역학의 프론티어 (2019): 1078.</li>
</ol>

세포 접착 분자 - 유형 및 기능

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

세포 접착 분자(CAM)는 다세포성과 조직 및 기관 시스템의 조화로운 기능에 중추적인 역할을 합니다. 이는 세포 간의 물리적 상호작용을 가능하게 하고 조직에 기계적 강도를 제공합니다. 이는 또한 원형질막을 통한 신호 전달을 위한 수용체 역할도 합니다. CAM은 크게 인테그린, 카드헤린, 셀렉틴, 면역글로불린 유사 CAM(IgCAM)의 네 가지 계열로 분류됩니다.

CAM 제품군

인테그린 계열의 단백질은 주로 세포와 주변 기질의 상호작용에 관여합니다. 그러나 일부 인테그린은 다른 세포 표면의 CAM과 결합하여 직접적인 세포 간 상호 작용에 참여할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 면역 세포의 인테그린은 혈관 내피에 발현된 IgCAM과 결합합니다.

카드헤린은 강한 세포 접착을 확립하는 데 주로 관여하는 칼슘 의존성 당단백질의 슈퍼패밀리입니다. 이는 상피와 같은 조직에서 부착 접합부와 결합체를 구성합니다.

셀렉틴과 IgCAM은 일시적인 세포 상호작용에 관여하고 세포를 표적 부위로 유도하는 데 참여합니다. 예를 들어, 이는 2차 림프 기관으로 림프구를 선택적으로 모집하는 데 도움을 줍니다.

CAM과 다세포성

CAM은 해면동물과 단순한 선충류부터 복잡한 무척추동물과 척추동물에 이르기까지 거의 모든 다세포 유기체에서 발견됩니다. 세포 상호작용의 복잡성, 즉 CAM의 복잡성은 유기체의 복잡성에 따라 증가합니다. 예를 들어, 노랑초파리는 세포 접착과 관련된 약 500개의 유전자가 있는 반면, 포유류와 같은 복잡한 척추동물은 다양한 유형의 CAM을 암호화하는 1,000개 이상의 유전자를 가지고 있습니다.

세포 접착 분자(CAM)는 다세포성과 조직 및 장기 시스템의 조정 기능에 중추적인 역할을 합니다. 그들은 물리적 인 것을 가능하게합니다 ...

cell-adhesion-molecules-types-and-functions

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Cell Biology

세포생물학

Unit 1

제1단원

Cell-Cell Interactions

세포 간 상호작용

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

cell adhesion molecules in tissues

Cell adhesion molecules help cells stick together and work as part of a tissue. They give multicellular organisms physical strength and also help cells send signals across the plasma membrane. These proteins are important for coordinated activity in tissues and organ systems.

CAMs are grouped into four main families: integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs, or IgCAMs. Each family supports cell interactions in a different way. Some CAMs help cells attach firmly, while others help cells make short-lived contacts and move to the right place.

Integrins mainly help a cell interact with the surrounding matrix, which is the material around cells. Some integrins can also bind CAMs on another cell and take part in direct cell-cell contact. For example, integrins on immune cells bind IgCAMs on the vascular endothelium, the inner lining of blood vessels.

Cadherins are calcium-dependent glycoproteins. They are known for strong cell adhesion and help form adherens junctions and desmosomes in tissues such as epithelium. Selectins and IgCAMs usually support transient cell interactions. They also help guide cells to target sites, such as the selective recruitment of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs.

CAMs are found in nearly all multicellular organisms, from sponges and simple nematodes to complex invertebrates and vertebrates. As organisms become more complex, their cell interactions and CAM systems also become more complex. For example, D. melanogaster has about 500 genes involved in cell adhesion, while mammals have over a thousand genes that code for different CAMs.

Cell Adhesion Molecules in Tissues

cell adhesion molecules - types and functions

Cell adhesion molecules help cells stick together and work as part of a tissue. They give multicellular organisms physical strength and also help cells send signals across the plasma membrane. These proteins are important for coordinated activity in tissues and organ systems. CAMs are grouped into four main families: integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs, or IgCAMs. Each family supports cell interactions in a different way. Some CAMs help cells attach firmly, while...

structure of cadherins

Cadherins in Cell Junctions and Disease

Cadherins are cell adhesion proteins that help cells stick together and build tissues. Their name comes from their calcium-dependent binding. Early examples were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin after the epithelial, placental, and neuronal cells where they were first found. Classical cadherins share similar sequences and structures. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped as non-classical cadherins. This diversity comes from multiple cadherin genes...

cadherins in tissue organization

Cadherins Guide Cell Sorting in Tissues

Cadherins help cells sort into the right tissues during development. They are a large superfamily of cell adhesion molecules, with more than 180 variants. Different tissues express specific cadherin combinations, which helps cells recognize and stick to the right neighbors. Cadherins usually bind to the same or a closely related cadherin on another cell. This is called homophilic binding. Because of this matching behavior, cells of the same type tend to group together and form clusters that...

catenins

Catenins in Cell Junctions and Signaling

Catenins help cells stay connected and also support signaling inside the body. These proteins act as linker proteins in cell junction complexes because they have multiple binding domains and flexible structures. Most catenins contain a protein sequence called the armadillo repeat, so they are also known as armadillo proteins. Alpha-catenin is the main exception. Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins. They then connect cadherins to cytoskeletal proteins, and the exact link...

selectins

Selectins in Immune Cell Capture

Selectins help cells make short, temporary contacts during immune responses. They are cell adhesion molecules that bind carbohydrate ligands on other cells. These rod-like proteins have a long outside region and end in a lectin domain, which binds carbohydrates only when calcium ions are present. Three main selectins are known: L-selectin, P-selectin, and E-selectin. Their names reflect where they are found and how long they are. This tissue specificity helps explain why selectins act in...

immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules

immunoglobulin-like-cell-adhesion-molecules

Ig-CAMs in Neural Growth and Disease

Ig-CAMs, or immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules, are cell surface glycoproteins in the immunoglobulin superfamily. They contain immunoglobulin domains, and some also have fibronectin type III domains. Their Ig domains can be glycosylated to different degrees. These molecules can bind to the same kind of Ig-CAM or to other ligands, such as integrins. Most Ig-CAMs help cells stick together only for a short time. The nectin class is different because it helps form stable junctions,...

overview of cell-cell junctions

Cell Junctions in Tissues

Cell junctions help hold tissues together and let neighboring cells communicate. In multicellular organisms, the three-dimensional shape of tissues depends on interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix. Cell-cell junctions are specialized structures made of multi-protein complexes on one cell that connect with similar complexes on another cell. These junctions are grouped into three main types based on function: occluding, anchoring, and gap junctions. Tight junctions, also called...

adherens junctions

Cell Adhesion in Tissues and Infection

Adherens junctions are strong cell-to-cell anchors that help tissues stay connected. These anchoring junctions work with desmosomes, another type of junction that holds adjacent cells together. In many epithelial and endothelial tissues, adherens junctions form a continuous adhesion belt. In heart muscle, they often appear as clusters that help cells work together for coordinated contraction. Adherens junctions are also dynamic, especially in the cells that line blood vessels. These...

tension response at adherens junctions

How Adherens Junctions Sense Force

Adherens junctions help cells stay attached while they respond to mechanical force. These multi-protein complexes can adapt to tensile force and shear stress. When the force changes, mechanosensory proteins in the junction can change shape. This process is called mechanotransduction. Alpha-catenin is one of the main force-sensing proteins in adherens junctions. It is an allosteric protein, which means its shape affects how it works. Alpha-catenin has three VH, or vinculin homology, domains...

desmosomes

Desmosomes and Cell Anchoring

Desmosomes are cell junctions that anchor cells together. They are button-like structures that create an interlinked network of intermediate filaments across cells. This strong link helps tissues resist mechanical stress and maintain tissue integrity. Desmosomes are built from multiple proteins. Their core includes desmosomal cadherins, which are adhesion proteins that bind to cadherins on neighboring cells. The two desmosomal cadherins are desmogleins and desmocollins. These transmembrane...

tight junctions

Tight Junction Proteins and Cell Barriers

Tight junction proteins form seals between neighboring cells. These molecular barriers help stop fluids, ions, and other small solutes from leaking across body cavities and tissue compartments in multicellular organisms. They are an important part of cell barriers in places where controlled movement matters. The main tight junction proteins are claudin and occludin. Other proteins include tricellulin and JAM, which stands for junctional adhesion molecule. Most of these proteins are 4-pass...

gap junctions

Cell Communication Through Gap Junctions

Gap junctions let adjacent animal cells share small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers. These communication channels connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. They are built from many molecular channels, often from a few hundred to thousands in one junction. Each channel is made of two halves called connexon hemichannels. A connexon is a hexamer, meaning it is formed by six transmembrane connexin proteins. The six proteins arrange in a ring and create a pore in the center. One...

key terms and concepts

Learn how cell adhesion molecules help tissues stay strong, guide immune cells, and support cell signaling through four major CAM families.

Cell Adhesion Molecules in Tissues | JoVE K12

cell biology

JoVE Core Cell Biology illustrates complex cellular processes in easy-to-understand yet comprehensive animated video lessons. This collection focuses on the essential components and functions of cells, including organelles and membranes, cellular transport, and cell energetics. It is complemented by scientist-in-action videos that demonstrate the application of cell biology in real-world research experiments.

Cell Adhesion Molecules in Tissues

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