Name: sluice gate water pressure and reaction force
Uploaded: 2025-02-13T15:43:22.000Z
Duration: 1 min 11 s
Channel: JoVE

수문은 수로의 물 흐름을 제어하는 수직 장벽입니다.
수문에 작용하는 힘을 계산하려면 수문 아래로 흐르는 물을 고려하십시오.
힘은 상류 및 하류 수심에 따라 다릅니다.
업스트림 측에서 깊이는 z1이고 다운스트림 측에서 깊이는 z2입니다.
양쪽 사이의 압력 차이는 게이트에 알짜 힘을 생성합니다.
베르누이의 원리를 사용하여 압력 차이와 높이 강하를 기반으로 게이트 아래의 물 속도 V2 를 계산할 수 있습니다.
게이트에 가해지는 반력은 양쪽의 물기둥으로 인해 작용하는 정수력에서 계산됩니다.
압력 차이가 더 크기 때문에 게이트가 닫힐 때 힘이 더 큽니다.
게이트가 열리면 게이트 아래에서 물이 자유롭게 흐르면서 반력이 감소하여 순 정수압 차이가 줄어듭니다.
이 원리를 통해 작동 중에 게이트를 제자리에 유지하는 데 필요한 고정력을 결정할 수 있습니다.

설계 사례: 슬루이스 게이트의 힘

Design Example: Forces in Sluice Gate

수력 공학에서 슬루이스 게이트는 수로, 저수지 및 관개 시스템을 통한 물 흐름을 관리하는 데 필수적입니다. 수직 장벽 역할을 하는 슬루이스 게이트는 게이트의 개구 높이를 조정하여 물을 조절하여 게이트 아래로 흐르는 물의 속도와 압력을 변경합니다. 관련된 힘을 이해하는 것은 특히 게이트가 닫히거나 부분적으로 열렸을 때 동적 압력 차이를 견딜 수 있는 슬루이스 게이트를 설계하는 데 중요합니다.

슬루이스 게이트 힘을 분석하는 주요 변수에는 상류 깊이 z_1​과 하류 깊이 z_2​가 있습니다. 게이트가 닫히면 상류 쪽의 수심이 더 깊어 게이트 전체에 상당한 압력 차이가 발생합니다. 이 압력 차이는 순 힘을 생성하며, 게이트를 제자리에 안전하게 고정하기 위한 앵커링 시스템이 필요합니다. 상류 쪽에 가해지는 정수압은 수심과 중력에 비례하는 반면 하류 압력은 z_2​에 따라 달라집니다. 게이트를 가로지르는 결과적인 압력 기울기는 하류 쪽으로 게이트를 밀어내는 순수한 힘을 생성합니다.

슬루이스 게이트가 부분적으로 열려 있을 때 물이 그 아래로 흐르고 베르누이 원리를 사용하여 하류 속도 V_2​를 결정할 수 있습니다.

<img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/18056/18056_Equation_1.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 90px;">

상류와 하류 깊이가 주어지면 이 원리는 수위 차이로 인한 압력 변화를 연관시켜 높이 차이와 압력 기울기를 기반으로 V_2를 계산할 수 있습니다. 이 흐름은 축적이 아닌 이동을 허용하여 게이트에 가해지는 압력을 줄이고 물이 자유롭게 흐르면서 순수한 힘을 줄입니다.

슬루이스 게이트의 총 반작용력은 주로 상류 수주에서 발생하는 정수압의 영향을 받는데, 이 정수압은 게이트가 완전히 닫혔을 때 가장 높습니다. 게이트가 열리고 물이 그 아래로 흐르면 압력 차이가 감소하여 반작용력이 낮아집니다.

<img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/18056/18056_Equation_2.svg" style="text-align: center; height: 90px;">

수문은 수로의 물 흐름을 제어하는 수직 장벽입니다.
수문에 작용하는 힘을 계산하려면 아래로 흐르는 물을 고려하십시오.

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Civil Engineering

토목공학

Unit 1

제1단원

Finite Control Volume Analysis

유한 제어 체적 해석

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

sluice gate water pressure and reaction force

Sluice gates control water flow in channels, reservoirs, and irrigation systems. They work as vertical barriers with an opening that can be raised or lowered. Changing the opening height changes the water velocity and pressure below the gate.

The forces on a sluice gate depend on the water depths upstream and downstream, written as z1 and z2. When the gate is closed, the upstream water depth is greater. That creates a strong pressure difference across the gate and a net force toward the downstream side. In that case, the gate needs an anchoring system to keep it secure.

The pressure on the upstream side is hydrostatic pressure, which depends on water depth and gravity. The downstream pressure depends on z2. Together, these pressures create the pressure gradient that pushes on the gate.

When the sluice gate is partially open, water flows beneath it. Bernoulli's principle can then be used to find the downstream velocity, V2, from the upstream and downstream depths. As the water moves through the opening instead of building up, the pressure difference becomes smaller and the reaction force on the gate decreases. The total reaction force is therefore highest when the gate is fully closed and lower as the gate opens.

Sluice Gate Water Pressure and Reaction Force

sluice-gate-water-pressure-and-reaction-force

conservation of mass in finite cotrol volume

conservation-of-mass-in-finite-cotrol-volume

Continuity Equation for a Fixed Control Volume

The continuity equation describes conservation of mass for a fixed control volume. In fluid mechanics, a system is a collection of the same contents over time, and its mass stays constant. That idea is the starting point for deriving the equation. To analyze flow, a fixed, non-deforming control volume is chosen so it matches the system at one instant. The Reynolds transport theorem then links the system to the control volume. It shows that the rate of change of system mass has two parts: mass...

conservation of mass in fixed, nondeforming control volume

conservation-of-mass-in-fixed-nondeforming-control-volume

Continuity and Velocity in Pipe Flow

Conservation of mass explains how fluid moves through a fixed control volume such as a pipe or duct. In a fixed, nondeforming control volume, the total mass stays constant unless mass enters or leaves through the control surfaces. For steady, incompressible flow, the mass entering the system equals the mass leaving it. A sewer pipe is a useful example of this idea. It can be treated as a fixed control volume with inlet and outlet control surfaces around the flow region. Because the fluid is...

conservation of mass in moving, nondeforming control volume

conservation-of-mass-in-moving-nondeforming-control-volume

Stormwater Detention Basin Mass Balance

Stormwater detention basins use mass balance to manage runoff during heavy rainfall. These basins are especially important in urban areas, where impervious surfaces can increase flooding risk. Engineers use the conservation of mass to track how water enters, is stored in, and leaves the basin. In a detention basin, the control volume is the water inside the basin. Its boundaries are the basin walls, the inflow pipes, and the outflow structures. During a rain event, water comes in through the...

linear momentum in control volume

Momentum Balance for Fluid Control Volumes

Linear momentum balance for a fluid control volume links Newton’s second law to moving fluid. The law says that the rate of change of linear momentum equals the sum of the external forces acting on the system. In a fluid system, this idea helps explain how motion and force are related. A control volume can match the fluid system at a specific moment. When that happens, the forces on the control volume and the system are the same. Reynolds transport theorem explains this connection by splitting...

application of the linear momentum equation

application-of-the-linear-momentum-equation

Forces in a 180° Pipe Bend

Forces in a 180-degree pipe bend can be found by applying the linear momentum equation to flowing water. The pipe has a constant cross-sectional area of 0.01 square meters, and the water moves at 15 meters per second. The pressure at the inlet is 0.2 megapascals, and the pressure at the outlet is 0.16 megapascals. The goal is to find the force components in the x and y directions that hold the bend in place. In this case, the flow is only in the y direction at both the entrance and the exit.

moment-of-momentum equation

Wind Turbine Torque and Angular Momentum

The moment-of-momentum equation helps explain how wind turbine blades create torque. Torque is the turning effect of a force around an axis. In rotating systems, this equation links the motion of the wind with the force acting on it. The equation begins with Newton's second law for a fluid particle. That law says the rate of change of linear momentum equals the external force on the particle. To find torque, the position of the particle relative to the rotation axis is combined with that force.

conservation of energy in control volume

Turbine Work from Energy Changes

A turbine can turn fluid energy into shaft work when flow passes through a control volume. The fluid enters the turbine at one point and leaves at another. Under steady-flow conditions, there is no energy buildup inside the control volume, so the stored energy does not change with time. This steady-flow setup makes the energy equation simpler. The turbine is treated as doing mechanical work, and heat transfer is taken as negligible, so Q̇ is approximately zero. The flow at the inlet and outlet...

application of the energy equation

Centrifugal Pump Flow Rate Calculation

Centrifugal pump flow rate can be calculated with the energy equation. In this problem, water moves between two reservoirs at different elevations, and the pump provides the energy needed for the transfer. The pump input is 7500 joules per second, the elevation difference is 10 meters, and the head loss from friction and other resistances is 5 meters. Both reservoirs are open to the atmosphere, so the pressure at the inlet and outlet is the same. That means the pressure terms in the energy...

design example: forces in sluice gate

Sluice gates control water flow in channels, reservoirs, and irrigation systems. They work as vertical barriers with an opening that can be raised or lowered. Changing the opening height changes the water velocity and pressure below the gate. The forces on a sluice gate depend on the water depths upstream and downstream, written as z1 and z2. When the gate is closed, the upstream water depth is greater. That creates a strong pressure difference across the gate and a net force toward the...

key terms and concepts

Learn how upstream and downstream water depths affect pressure, flow speed, and reaction force on a sluice gate when it is closed or partially open.

Sluice Gate Water Pressure and Reaction Force | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering offers a foundational exploration of essential construction materials such as bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete, along with fluid mechanics topics like flow over immersed bodies, open channel flow, and dimensional modeling. It also covers key surveying concepts, including leveling, traverse adjustments, curve design, topographic mapping, and geospatial technologies (GPS & GIS). Science-in-action videos showcase laboratory research on materials, fluids, and surveying practices in real-world engineering systems.

civil engineering

Sluice Gate Water Pressure and Reaction Force

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