At the end of this lab, students should know...
케톤은 두 개의 알킬기(또는 아릴기)가 부착된 카르보닐기입니다. 알데히드는 케톤과 동일한 구조를 가지고 있지만 측면 그룹 중 하나가 수소라는 점이 다릅니다.
카르보닐 탄소는 친전자성이기 때문에 알데히드 또는 케톤에 의해 수행되는 일반적인 반응은 친핵성 첨가입니다.
DNPH 검사는 알데히드 또는 케톤의 존재를 나타내는 데 사용됩니다. 또한 DNPH 검사는 알데히드 및 케톤을 알코올 또는 에스테르와 구별할 수 있는데, 이는 알코올 또는 에스테르의 화합물...
출처: Lara Al Hariri, 미국 매사추세츠 대학교 애머스트
캠퍼스여기에서는 10명의 학생이 짝을 지어 작업하는 실험실 준비 과정을 보여주며, 약간의 과잉이 있습니다. 필요에 따라 수량을 조정하십시오.
| 1 랩 스탠드 |
| 1 작은 3구 클램프 |
| 1 핫플레이트 |
| 1 진공 라인 |
| 1 시험관 랙 |
| 1 시험관 집게 |
| 1 600mL 비커 |
| 4 250mL 비커 |
| 1 150mL 비커 |
| 5 50mL 비커 |
| 3 10mL 눈금 실린더 |
| 5 5mL 눈금 실린더 |
| 1 250mL 필터 플라스크 |
| 1 Büchner 퍼널 |
| 1 필터 어댑터 |
| 4 작은 시계 안경 |
| 1 유리 교반 막대 |
| 1 비커 클립이 있는 온도계 |
| 3 피펫 전구 |
| 1 pH 종이 패키지 |
| 실험실 테이프와 마킹 펜 1롤 |
| 1 250mL DI 워터 병 |
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Q1: What safety precautions are needed when preparing DNPH solution?
DNPH is a shock explosive and must be handled gently with low friction tools to prevent accidental detonation. Always work in a fume hood, wear a lab coat, splash-proof safety glasses, and nitrile gloves. Phosphoric acid is toxic and corrosive, so avoid direct contact and ensure proper ventilation throughout the preparation process.
Q2: How do you prepare a 0.1 M DNPH solution for aldehyde and ketone testing?
Measure 3 g of DNPH into a 250-mL beaker in a fume hood. Slowly add 50 mL of 85% phosphoric acid and stir gently until dissolved. Add 50 mL of ethanol and stir until homogeneous. Vacuum filter to remove residual solids, then transfer the final solution to a labeled 100-mL container and store in a hood.
Q3: What is the correct procedure for making Tollens' reagent?
Dissolve 0.6115 g of silver nitrate in 12 mL of deionized water to form a 0.3 M solution. Add 6 mL of 3 M NaOH, which precipitates brown silver oxide. Slowly add 4 mL of 2 M aqueous ammonia using a Pasteur pipette to dissolve the precipitate. Vacuum filter the solution and store in a light-shielded brown glass bottle. Prepare immediately before use to prevent explosive silver nitride formation.
Q4: How is iodoform reagent prepared for the lab?
Dissolve 50 g of potassium iodide in 200 mL of deionized water by stirring on a stir plate. Add 25 g of iodine to the solution and stir until completely dissolved. Transfer the final solution to a labeled 200-mL container, cap it, and store in the test solution hood for use during experiments.
Q5: What glassware and equipment should be set up at each student lab station?
Each station requires a lab stand, hotplate, test tube rack, 600-mL beaker, four 250-mL beakers, graduated cylinders, a 250-mL filter flask with Büchner funnel, watch glasses, glass stirring rod, thermometer, pipette bulbs, pH paper, and lab tape. Additionally, place Pasteur pipettes, filter papers, and small test tubes in a central area for shared access.
Q6: What known and unknown compounds are used in this aldehyde and ketone identification experiment?
Known compounds include butanone and benzaldehyde, provided to all student groups. Unknown compounds include acetophenone, butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanone, pentanol, 2-pentanone, and 3-pentanone. Each unknown is prepared in two labeled vials containing 5 mL and placed in a central area for student analysis.
Q7: How should Tollens' reagent waste be safely disposed of after the lab?
Promptly dilute any unused Tollens' reagent with at least 20 mL of water and flush it down the drain with copious tap water. If necessary, use concentrated hydrochloric acid to precipitate silver from the waste first. Clean silver-coated test tubes with concentrated nitric acid in a fume hood and neutralize silver waste according to your lab's standard procedures.