맥스웰 방정식의 대칭

The four fundamental Maxwell's equations exhibit symmetry between electric and magnetic fields.

Consider a space without a charge and consequently with no conduction current.

In this case, Maxwell's equations can be reduced to these four equations.

The first two equations are found to be analogous to each other, with the only difference being the electric and magnetic fields.

The third and fourth equations are also perceived to be similar to each other, implying that a time-varying magnetic field creates an electric field, and symmetrically, a time-varying electric field also creates a magnetic field.

Thus, the symmetry in these four equations indicates the existence of electromagnetic waves, which include time-varying electric and magnetic fields.

Further, due to the simultaneous presence of electric and magnetic fields, a combinational force called Lorentz force acts on any point charge moving under an electromagnetic field.

The Lorentz force equation consists of electric and magnetic fields, and together with Maxwell's equations, comprises all the fundamental laws of electricity and magnetism.