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Wood surfacing achieves three primary goals: creating a smoother finish, ensuring more accurate dimensions, and making handling safer. The process uses planes with rotating blades to smooth the surface and slightly round edges. Surfacing also corrects distortions that occur during the seasoning phase and compensates for shrinkage by marginally increasing wood dimensions before the process begins.

Usually, lumber is surfaced on all four sides to ensure uniformity and flatness. However, hardwoods are often surfaced on only two sides, leaving the remaining rough edges to be finished by the woodworker according to specific project requirements. This approach allows customization while maintaining consistency in the finished product.

A plane equipped with rotating blades is the primary equipment used in wood surfacing. This tool efficiently smooths the wood surface and can slightly round off edges, enhancing both appearance and safety during handling. The rotating blades work to create consistent flatness across the surfaced wood.

Surfaced wood must consistently exhibit flatness across its entire surface. Turned wooden objects should display distinct roundness, and all edges must appear perfectly straight. These standards ensure that wood products are not only aesthetically pleasing but also meet precise specifications for construction and woodworking projects.

Sanding should always be done in the direction of the wood fibers to avoid damaging the surface. Start with coarser grit and progressively move to finer grits for a smoother finish. This technique ensures a high-quality surface while protecting the wood's integrity and achieving the desired smoothness.

Wood dimensions are marginally increased before surfacing to compensate for shrinkage that occurs during the seasoning process. This compensatory increase ensures that after surfacing and drying, the final product meets the required dimensional specifications. The process accounts for moisture loss and dimensional changes inherent to wood.

Distortions that occur during the seasoning phase can be corrected through surfacing. The plane's rotating blades remove the warped or uneven outer layers, restoring flatness and proper geometry. This correction process is essential for ensuring that wood meets structural properties and dimensions requirements for construction applications.