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Fasteners hold wood components in place and are essential for securing structural connections. Connection strength mainly depends on direct member bearing between fastened components. Various fastener types—including nails, screws, bolts, and specialized connectors—are selected based on specific structural properties and dimensions of lumber to ensure durability and stability.

Nails are sharp-pointed metal pins driven into wood using a hammer or mechanical gun, while screws feature spiral threads and are installed by twisting to embed them securely. Screws' threads pull the fastener firmly into the wood, creating a stronger grip than nails. Both come in various diameters, heads, and lengths suited to different applications.

Face nailing, end nailing, and toe nailing are the three primary techniques for fastening wood members with nails. Each method provides different angles and connection strengths depending on the structural requirements and wood member orientation. The choice of technique affects load distribution and overall connection performance.

Flat steel washers distribute force over a larger wood area, reducing fiber crushing and preventing localized damage. When bolts are tightened with a wrench through predrilled holes, washers protect the wood surface from concentrated stress. This distribution enhances connection durability and maintains structural integrity over time.

Split-ring connectors, toothed plates, and metal framing devices serve specialized fastening purposes in wood construction. These connectors enhance load transfer between members and improve overall structural stability. They are particularly valuable in applications requiring higher strength and durability compared to conventional fasteners.

Bolts require predrilled holes and are secured by turning a nut on the opposite side with a wrench, unlike nails driven directly or screws twisted in. This method creates a more robust connection suitable for heavy-load applications. Washers placed under both the bolt head and nut distribute force evenly across the wood surface.

Screws are installed through a twisting motion that embeds them into wood, with spiral threads pulling the fastener firmly into the material. This mechanical action creates a strong grip that increases with depth of insertion. The variety of screw types available allows selection based on specific wood type and structural requirements.