여기서는 4-아미노퀴놀린 화합물의 화학적 합성, 결핵균에 대한 최소 억제 농도 결정, 포유류 세포주에서의 세포독성 평가를 포함하는 표현형 스크리닝을 통해 잠재적 항결핵 약물 후보를 식별하는 프로토콜을 제시합니다.
방법 논문
* These authors contributed equally
| 이름 | 회사 | 카탈로그 번호 | 댓글 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 세포주 | |||
| HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) | ATCC | HB-8065 | Human liver carcinoma cell line |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra | ATCC | 25177 | |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv | ATCC | 27294 | |
| Vero (African green monkey kidney) | ATCC | CCL-81 | Primate kidney epithelial cell line |
| 화학물질 – 합성 | |||
| 4-(Piperidin-1-yl)aniline | Sigma-Aldrich | TCI: P0887 | Amine precursor for compound 5/6 |
| 4-Bromoaniline | Sigma-Aldrich | 108-67-8 | Starting material for quinoline synthesis |
| Acetic acid (glacial) | Sigma-Aldrich | 695092 | Reagent in synthesis and mobile phase preparation |
| Acetonitrile (HPLC grade) | Sigma-Aldrich | 34967 | HPLC mobile phase component and NMR solvent |
| Chloroform | Sigma-Aldrich | C2432 | Solvent for product extraction |
| DMSO-d6 (deuterated) | Sigma-Aldrich | 175641 | NMR solvent |
| Dowtherm A (heat transfer fluid) | Sigma-Aldrich / Solutia | TBD | High-boiling solvent for thermal cyclization (230–250 °C); formerly listed as Dowtherm® A |
| Ethanol (absolute) | Sigma-Aldrich | 459836 | Reaction solvent for Conrad–Limpach step |
| Ethyl acetate (HPLC grade) | Sigma-Aldrich | 270989 | Column eluent component |
| Ethyl acetoacetate | Sigma-Aldrich | E12806 | β-ketoester reagent for quinoline ring formation |
| Formic acid (HPLC grade) | Sigma-Aldrich | F0507 | 0.1% additive in mobile phase for HPLC and HRMS |
| Glass beads (1 mm, sterile) | Sigma-Aldrich | G8772 | For homogenization of M. tuberculosis culture |
| HCl (hydrochloric acid, 37%) | Sigma-Aldrich | 320331 | Acid catalyst in nucleophilic substitution |
| Hexane (HPLC grade) | Sigma-Aldrich | 34859 | Non-polar eluent for column chromatography |
| Isopropanol | Sigma-Aldrich | 278475 | Reaction solvent for synthesis of compound 6 |
| Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4, anhydrous) | Sigma-Aldrich | M7506 | Drying agent and reaction catalyst |
| Methanol (HPLC grade) | Sigma-Aldrich | 34860 | HPLC mobile phase and NMR solvent component |
| Phosphorus(V) oxychloride (POCl3) | Sigma-Aldrich | 201170 | Chlorination reagent for intermediate 4 |
| Pyridine | Sigma-Aldrich | 270970 | Base catalyst in nucleophilic substitution |
| Silica gel (35–70 mesh) for flash chromatography | Macherey-Nagel | 815349 | Stationary phase for flash chromatography steps |
| Silica gel 60 Å (70–230 mesh) for column chromatography | Macherey-Nagel | 815381 | Stationary phase for column chromatography |
| Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, anhydrous) | Sigma-Aldrich | 239313 | Drying agent for organic phase |
| TLC Silica gel 60 F254 plates | Merck | 1.05554 | Thin-layer chromatography monitoring |
| Toluene | Sigma-Aldrich | 244511 | Solvent for chlorination step |
| Ultrapure water | Millipore / equivalent | N/A | Used in mobile phase preparation; formerly referenced as Milli-Q water in text |
| 장비 및 기기 | |||
| 0.22 µm syringe filter | Millipore / any | SLGP033RS | Sterilization of resazurin solution (2.1.4); filtration of MTT working solution (3.3); filtration of Neutral Red working solution (3.4) |
| 0.45 µm syringe filter | Millipore / any | SLHA033SS | Filtration of mobile phase solutions |
| 15 mL conical tube (sterile) | Falcon / any | 352097 or equivalent | Collection and centrifugation of cell suspension after trypsinization |
| 96-well plate (flat bottom, tissue culture treated) | Corning / any | 3596 | For cytotoxicity and MIC assays |
| Aluminum foil | Any | — | Light protection of plates during MTT and NRU incubation and shaking steps |
| Autoclave | Any | — | Sterilization of media (121 °C, 98.07 kPa, 10 min) |
| Biosafety cabinet (Class II, certified) | Any (BSL-3 certified) | — | Required for M. tuberculosis manipulations (BSL-3) |
| Cell counter (automated) or hemocytometer | e.g., Bio-Rad TC20 / Neubauer | TBD | For cell concentration and viability determination |
| Centrifuge (capable of 200 × g) | Any | — | Cell pelleting step |
| CO2 incubator (37 °C, 5% CO2, humidified) | Any | — | Cell culture and treatment incubation |
| Heating mantle | Fisotom | 12M | Temperature-controlled heating mantle with Dowtherm® A |
| HPLC system (Dionex UltiMate 3000) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 5035.9200 | Dual pump, automatic injector, UV detector; for purity analysis of compound 6 |
| Inverted microscope (or equivalent) | Any | — | Visual inspection of cells at attachment (3.2), during treatment checkpoint (3.3, 3.4), and for assay status verification |
| Magnetic stirrer / hotplate | Any | — | Solution preparation and reaction mixing |
| Mass spectrometer (LTQ Orbitrap Discovery) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | — | High-resolution Orbitrap combined with LTQ XL; for HRMS of compound 6 |
| Melting point apparatus | Any (e.g., Stuart SMP10) | — | Melting point determination of compound 6 |
| Microplate reader (absorbance) | Any (e.g., BioTek Epoch) | — | Reads absorbance at 570 nm (MTT) and 540 nm (NRU) |
| NMR spectrometer (Avance III HD, 400 MHz) | Bruker Corporation | N/A | 1H and 13C NMR acquisition; located at PUCRS facility |
| Orbital shaker | Any | — | 100 rpm (MTT crystal dissolution); 150 rpm (NRU extraction) |
| Parafilm M | Bemis / Sigma-Aldrich | P7793 | Sealing of 96-well plates during incubation |
| Qualitative filter paper | UNIFIL | 50,11,250 | Whatman Grade, cellulose; 11 µm retention; ~80 g/m² |
| Reverse |
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