Quantum Number Values
Quantum Number Values - Related Videos
02:43
Quantum Numbers
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2020
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels. The energy levels are labeled with an n value, where n = 1, 2, 3, etc. Generally speaking, the energy of an electron in an atom is greater for greater values of n. This number, n, is referred to as the principal quantum number. The principal quantum number defines the...
02:45
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom
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2020
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
10:00
Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Cited by 2 •
2013
The gradient echo memory is a protocol for storing optical quantum states of light in atomic ensembles. Quantum memory is a key element of a quantum repeater, which can extend the range of quantum key distribution. We outline the operation of the scheme when implemented in a 3-level atomic ensemble.
01:24
Biodiversity and Human Values
0 Views •
2019
Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations. Humans are dependent on agriculture, which developed when ancestral humans found species that made suitable foods. At least 11,000 years ago, humans started to select plant and animal species to be cultivated on farms. Going back for thousands of years, humans have been artificially selecting species...
14:20
Absolute Quantum Yield Measurement of Powder Samples
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Cited by 16 •
2012
In this video we will demonstrate measuring and calculating absolute quantum yield and chromaticity coordinates directly in powder samples using the Hitachi F-7000 Quantum Yield Measuring System.
FAQs
Start with n because it sets the allowed range for l. For any selected l, the possible mₗ values run from −l through +l, while mₛ has only two choices: +1/2 and −1/2. This nested restriction means the values cannot be chosen independently. A proposed set is valid only when every number matches these linked ranges.
The Pauli exclusion principle distinguishes electrons by their complete sets of quantum number values. If two electrons share n, l, and mₗ, they must differ in mₛ, so only the two opposite spin values can occupy that same state. This rule provides a direct way to check whether an electron configuration assigns more electrons to an orbital than allowed.
The magnetic quantum number mₗ separates the possible orientations associated with a selected orbital type because its values extend from −l to +l. Changing mₗ therefore identifies a different allowed orientation without changing n or l. These distinctions help organize orbital populations and support interpretation of atomic spectra, where electron states are examined through their allowed arrangements.
First identify the electron’s principal level with n. Next determine the permitted l value within the range from 0 to n−1, then select an mₗ value between −l and +l. Finally assign mₛ as +1/2 or −1/2. Comparing the completed set with these restrictions provides a straightforward validity check for electron configurations.
For each listed electron, inspect whether its n, l, mₗ, and mₛ values satisfy their allowed ranges. Then check electrons sharing the same first three values: their spin values must distinguish them under the Pauli exclusion principle. This procedure reveals invalid assignments and helps determine whether the proposed orbital populations are physically permitted within the atomic structure.
Quantum number values organize the electron configurations that chemists use to examine orbital populations, periodic trends, and chemical behavior. They also connect an electron arrangement with atomic spectra by identifying the permitted states available within an atom. Thus, checking the values provides structural information that supports both systematic comparison among atoms and interpretation of spectroscopic patterns.