중재 적 진단 절차 : 관상 동맥 혈관 기능 평가를위한 실용 가이드

Executive Industry Relevance

For patients with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA), distinguishing between microvascular and vasospastic endotypes is critical for targeted therapy development. This interventional diagnostic procedure enables mechanistic de-risking by quantifying coronary flow limitation and vasoreactivity, supporting predictive confidence in early-stage cardiovascular drug discovery. The approach provides translational biomarkers that bridge functional phenotyping with clinical endotype stratification, informing go/no-go decisions in preclinical and early clinical pipelines.

Strategic Applications in Biopharma R&D

Early Discovery & Target Validation

• Scientific Value: Measures fractional flow reserve, coronary flow reserve, and index of microvascular resistance to interrogate therapeutic hypotheses in coronary microvascular dysfunction pathways.
• Operational Value: Provides quantitative, reproducible hemodynamic parameters that enable functional target validation and biological de-risking of vasoactive compound mechanisms.

Screening & Assay Development

• Scientific Value: Uses acetylcholine infusion to assess vasodilator potential and vasospasm propensity, enabling standardized phenotyping of endothelial and smooth muscle function in human coronary arteries.
• Operational Value: Generates dose-response data (1, 10, 100 µM acetylcholine) that support assay reproducibility and scalability for compound screening in vasculotropic drug discovery.

Translational & Preclinical Research

• Scientific Value: Links invasive coronary physiology measurements to clinical endotypes (microvascular angina, vasospastic angina), supporting translational biomarker alignment and disease-relevant system validation.
• Operational Value: Enables risk-adjusted advancement decisions by identifying patients with specific coronary dysfunction phenotypes for enrichment in early-phase clinical trials.

Pipeline & Workflow Integration

The procedure fits within the cardiovascular discovery continuum from target validation through preclinical modeling to early clinical proof-of-concept, particularly for therapies targeting coronary microvascular function or endothelial health.

• Discovery Biology: Supports hypothesis testing of coronary flow limitation mechanisms and pathway clarification in endothelial-dependent and independent vasoregulation.
• Screening: Delivers quantitative outputs (FFR, CFR, IMR, RRR) and vasoreactivity thresholds that enable reliable comparison of test compounds across preclinical and clinical models.
• Analytics: Provides hyperemic and baseline pressure-derived metrics that help teams compare drug effects on coronary flow reserve and microvascular resistance under standardized conditions.
• Translational Research: Connects functional coronary assessments to clinical endotype stratification, informing patient selection and mechanistic de-risking in early clinical development.
• Enterprise Reuse: Establishes a standardized, clinically validated protocol for coronary function assessment that can be reused across multiple drug discovery programs investigating vasculotropic agents.

Operational & Enterprise Impact

• Scientific Value: Delivers predictive confidence in target engagement by quantifying coronary flow limitation and endothelial-dependent vasodilation, reducing mechanistic ambiguity in cardiovascular drug action.
• Operational Value: Ensures procedural standardization and reproducibility through defined acetylcholine dosing, saline bolus protocols, and pressure wire measurements, enabling cross-site data comparability.
• Strategic Value: Improves go/no-go decisions by identifying patients with specific coronary endotypes, reducing late-stage biological risk in vasculotropic drug development.
• Portfolio Impact: Enables risk-adjusted prioritization of compounds based on their effects on coronary flow reserve, microvascular resistance, and acetylcholine-induced vasoreactivity.

Implementation Considerations

• Requires expertise in interventional cardiology and pressure wire physiology for accurate sensor placement and hemodynamic interpretation.
• Dependent on invasive coronary angiography infrastructure, including guide catheters, pressure wires, and intravenous infusion systems for adenosine and acetylcholine.
• Necessitates cross-functional standardization between cardiology, catheter lab staff, and research teams to ensure consistent acetylcholine dosing, purging protocols, and angiographic timing.
• Adaptation considerations include vessel size adjustments (e.g., reduced acetylcholine dose for right coronary artery) and projection selection to minimize foreshortening during vasospasm assessment.
• Practical limitations include the need for intra-arterial acetylcholine preparation on a named-patient basis due to lack of parenteral licensing, and the requirement for vigilant monitoring during infusions to manage spasm or hypotension risks.

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