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<ol>
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	<li>Kim KH, Son JM, Benayoun BA, Lee C. The mitochondrial-encoded peptide MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus to regulate nuclear gene expression in response to metabolic stress. Cell Metab. 2018;28(3):516-24.e7.</li>
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	<li>Pacak CA, et al. Actin-dependent mitochondrial internalization in cardiomyocytes: evidence for rescue of mitochondrial function. Biol Open. 2015;4(5):622-6.</li>
	<li>Cabrera F, et al. Early evidence of the artificial transfer/transplant of mitochondria to oocytes and zygotes by MitoCeption. Mitochondrion. 2022;65:102-12.</li>
	<li>Masuzawa A, et al. Transplantation of autologously derived mitochondria protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2013;304(7):H966-82.</li>
	<li>Wilson-Fritch L, et al. Mitochondrial biogenesis and remodeling during adipogenesis and in response to the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone. Mol Cell Biol. 2003;23(3):1085-94.</li>
	<li>Kim JS, Lee S, Kim WK, Han BS. Mitochondrial transplantation: an overview of a promising therapeutic approach. BMB Rep. 2023;56(9):488-95.</li>
	<li>Liao PC, et al. Isolation of mitochondria from cells and tissues. Methods Cell Biol. 2020;155:3-31.</li>
	<li>Al Amir Dache Z, Chev&#233; M, Dancourt J, Lavieu G. Quantitative cellular characterization of extracellular mitochondria uptake and delivery. Nat Commun. 2025;16(1):9053.</li>
	<li>Brestoff JR, et al. Intercellular mitochondria transfer to macrophages regulates white adipose tissue homeostasis and is impaired in obesity. Cell Metab. 2021;33(2):270-82.e8.</li>
	<li>Tiash S, Brestoff JR, Crewe C. A guide to studying mitochondria transfer. Nat Cell Biol. 2023;25(11):1551-3.</li>
	<li>Hole KL, et al. MitoTracker transfers from astrocytes to neurons independently of mitochondria. Cell Rep Methods. 2026;6(3):101338.</li>
	<li>Chen C, Li H, Zhang J, Cheng SC. Exploring the limitations of mitochondrial dye as a genuine horizontal mitochondrial transfer surrogate. Commun Biol. 2024;7(1):281.</li>
</ol>

<table><tbody><tr><td>100 mm plate</td><td>SPL 생명과학</td><td>10101SPL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10x Tris/Glycine Buffer</td><td>BioRad</td><td>1610734</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12 mm glass coverslips</td><td>Marienfeld</td><td>111520</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12-well plate</td><td>SPL 생명과학</td><td>30012SPL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16% Paraformaldehyde Aqueous Solution</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>28908</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18 mm glass coverslips</td><td>HART</td><td>-</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>24-well plate</td><td>SPL 생명과학</td><td>30024SPL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3,3&prime;,5-Triiodo-L-thyronine sodium salt (T3)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>T6397</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)</td><td>Calbiochem</td><td>410957</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30% Acrylamide/Bis Solution, 37.5:1</td><td>BioRad</td><td>1610158</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>35 mm plate</td><td>SPL 생명과학</td><td>20035SPL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6-well plate</td><td>SPL 생명과학</td><td>30006SPL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>60 mm culture dish</td><td>SPL 생명과학</td><td>20060SPL</td><td>Used for primary preadipocyte and DNA/qPCR experiments; supplier/catalog not provided</td></tr><tr><td>AccuRuler RGB Plus Pre-stained Protein Ladder</td><td>Maestrogen</td><td>02102-250</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ACK lysing buffer</td><td>Gibco</td><td>A10492-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Actrapid 100 UI/mL (Insulin)</td><td>Novo Nordisk</td><td>A10AB01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ADP</td><td>Merck</td><td>117105</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Agarose</td><td>FERMELO BIOTEC</td><td>FER00AL200G</td><td>Used for RNA integrity verification; supplier/catalog not provided</td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium Persulfate</td><td>BioRad</td><td>1610700</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>7074</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anti-rat IgG, HRP-linked Antibody</td><td>Cell Signaling</td><td>7077</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Antibiotic-antimycotic</td><td>Gibco</td><td>15240062</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Axio Observer inverted microscope stand</td><td>Carl Zeiss</td><td>431007-9901-000</td><td>Added from Supplemental Methods</td></tr><tr><td>BCA Protein Assay Kit</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>D49328</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD Cytometer Setup and Tracking beads</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>-</td><td>Added from Supplemental Methods; catalog not provided</td></tr><tr><td>BD FACSDiva Software v8.0.3</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>-</td><td>Added from Supplemental Methods</td></tr><tr><td>BD LSRFortessa X-20 cell analyzer</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>-</td><td>Existing entry standardized to match supplemental file</td></tr><tr><td>BioRender</td><td>BioRender</td><td>-</td><td>Used to create Figure 1 workflow</td></tr><tr><td>Blotting-grade blocker</td><td>BioRad</td><td>170-6404</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BODIPY 493/503</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>D3922</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>A1470</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CaCl2</td><td>Calbiochem</td><td>208291</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>4374966</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cell Strainer 100 &mu;m, nylon</td><td>Falcon</td><td>352360</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cell Strainer 40 &mu;m, nylon</td><td>Falcon</td><td>352340</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Collagenase type II</td><td>Gibco</td><td>17101-015</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dexamethasone</td><td>Sigma</td><td>D4902</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM Powder, High Glucose, Pyruvate</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>12800017</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM/F-12, no phenol red</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>21041025</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM/F-12, powder</td><td>Gibco</td><td>12500062</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMSO</td><td>Sigma</td><td>D8418</td><td>Solvent for induction medium; supplier/catalog not provided</td></tr><tr><td>EMBed-812 EMBEDDING KIT (Epon)</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td><td>14120</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol absolute</td><td>Merck</td><td>100983</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethylene glycol-bis(&beta;-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N&prime;,N&prime;-tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt (EGTA)</td><td>Merck</td><td>324626</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FAST SYBR MASTER MIX</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>4385612</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FCCP</td><td>Sigma</td><td>C2920</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal bovine serum</td><td>Capricorn Scientific</td><td>BS-16A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Floreada.io</td><td>Floreada.io</td><td>-</td><td>Flow cytometry analysis software</td></tr><tr><td>Fluoromount-G</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>7984-25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GAPDH Antibody</td><td>Santa Cruz</td><td>sc-32233</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glucose</td><td>Gibco</td><td>15023-021</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glutamate</td><td>Sigma</td><td>G1626</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glutaraldehyde 25% Aqueous Solution</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td><td>16210</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, HRP</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>62-6520</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GraphPad Prism v10.6.1</td><td>GraphPad Software</td><td>-</td><td>Statistical/logarithmic regression analysis software</td></tr><tr><td>Halt Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail 100X</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>78442</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HEPES</td><td>Biological Industries</td><td>41-122-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Histone H3 (1G1)</td><td>Santa Cruz</td><td>sc-517576</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hoechst 33342</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>H3570</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ImageJ v1.54s</td><td>NIH</td><td>-</td><td>Lipid droplet image analysis software</td></tr><tr><td>Immun-Blot PVDF Membrane</td><td>BioRad</td><td>1620177</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Indomethacin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>I7378</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Insulin syringe</td><td>Cranberry</td><td>AAJECIN3</td><td>Used for cell homogenization; supplier/catalog not provided</td></tr><tr><td>KCl</td><td>Calbiochem</td><td>529552</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KH2PO4</td><td>Calbiochem</td><td>529568</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KHCO3</td><td>Sigma</td><td>60339</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>LAMP-1 Antibody</td><td>Abcam</td><td>ab25245</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lane Marker Reducing Sample Buffer</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>39000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Malate</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M1000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MgCl2</td><td>Calbiochem</td><td>208291</td><td>Component of mitochondrial assay solution; supplier/catalog not provided</td></tr><tr><td>MgSO4</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M2643</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microvolume UV-Vis spectrophotometer</td><td>NanoDrop</td><td>ND-1000</td><td>Used for DNA/RNA quantification; supplier/catalog not provided</td></tr><tr>

갈색 지방세포와 agpat2 결핍 프레디포세포 구별에서의 외인성 미토콘드리아 전달

Exogenous Mitochondrial Transfer in Differentiating Brown Adipocytes and AGPAT2-Deficient Preadipocytes

갈색 지방세포와 AGPAT2 결핍 프레디포세포 구별에서의 외인성 미토콘드리아 전달

Mitochondria are key signaling hubs; however, whether mitochondrial mass expansion is mechanistically required for differentiation remains an open ...

exogenous-mitochondrial-transfer-differentiating-brown-adipocytes

Research

연구

JoVE Journal

Biology

생물학

유전자 Inducible의 운명 매핑 (GIFM) 마크와 훌륭한 공간과 시간적 제어 트랙...

유전자 Inducible의 운명 매핑에 대한 실용적인 접근법 : 셀을 선택하고 추적하는 비주얼 가이드 VIVO에서</em

머릿속 RNA 현지화에서 Xenopus Oocytes

여기에서는 인간 세포에서 내인성 및 외인성 centromere-kinetochore 단백질을 검출하고 고정(파라포름알데히드, 아세톤 또는 메탄올 고정)을 통한 간접 면역형광 염색을 통해 centromeres-kinetochores에서 이러한 단백질 수준을 정량화하는 프로토콜을 보고합니다.

내생의 면역 형광 분석 및 외인성 센트로 - 동원체 단백질

미토콘드리아 기능의 조절 메커니즘에 대한 철저한 이해를 위해서는 미토콘드리아 구조-기능 관계에 대한 분석이 필요합니다. 살아 있고 고정된 초파리 난소에서 미토콘드리아 구조와 기능을 연구하는 구체적인 방법이 이 논문에 설명되어 있고 시연됩니다.

에서 미토콘드리아의 구조와 기능을 연구 초파리 난소

미토콘드리아는 그들이 세포질 칼슘을 형성하는 2 + 세포 내 신호 전달 수 (2 + 칼슘)을 칼슘을 격리한다 그들의 내막 (Δ Ψm)에서 전기 잠재력을 활용할 수 있습니다. 우리는 형광 염료 및 공 초점 현미경을 사용하여 살아있는 세포에서 동시에 측정 미토콘드리아 칼슘 흡수 및 ΔΨ 분하는 방법을 설명합니다.

형광 현미경으로 살아있는 세포의 잠재적 인 미토콘드리아의 칼슘과 미토콘드리아 막의 동시 측정

여기, 선물이 편차를 줄이기 위해, 재현성, 개선 및 해석을 용이 하 게 하기 위해에서 RNA, DNA, 그리고 동일한 샘플에서 단백질의 격리에 대 한 프로토콜.

결합 된 뉴클레오티드와 꼬마 선 충 의 단백질 추출

이 보고서는 신생아 마우스에서 1 차적인 갈색 및 백색 프레드포스세포의 동시 적인 격리를 위한 프로토콜을 기술합니다. 분리된 세포는 배양에서 재배되고 완전히 성숙한 백색과 갈색 지방세포로 분화하도록 유도될 수 있다. 이 방법은 배양시 1차 지방세포의 유전적, 분자 및 기능적 특성화를 가능하게 한다.

신생아 마우스에서 기본 백색및 갈색 프레드포스세포의 격리 및 분화

이 작품에서는, 우리는 마이크로 플레이트 기지를 둔 호흡측정과 조합하여 재조합 퍼프렌고리신 O를 사용하여 미토콘드리아 호흡 기질 플럭스를 시험하기 위하여 수정된 프로토콜을 기술합니다. 이 프로토콜을 통해 메트포르민이 두 개의 다른 종양 세포주의 미토콘드리아 호흡에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 보여줍니다.

재조합 퍼프렌고리신 O-퍼메아빌화 세포에서 미토콘드리아 기질 플럭스 측정

이 원고는 비만 마우스에 있는 열발생 성 분포세포의 기저 대사 속도 및 산화 용량을 측정하는 프로토콜을 기술합니다.

비만 마우스에 있는 에너지를 소모하기 위하여 기저 에너지 지출 및 열발생 성 지방세포의 용량을 결정합니다

이 프로토콜은 피하 지방에서 마우스 지방전구세포의 분리, 성숙한 지방세포로의 분화 및 인슐린 저항성 유도를 설명합니다. 인슐린 작용은 웨스턴 블롯을 통한 인슐린 신호 전달 경로 구성원의 인산화/활성화에 의해 평가됩니다. 이 방법을 사용하면 원발성 지방세포에서 인슐린 저항성/민감도를 직접 측정할 수 있습니다.

1차 배양에서 분화된 마우스 지방세포: 인슐린 저항성 모델

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.  인간과 쥐 기원의 외인성 미토콘드리아는 전지방세포를 분화하여 내화할 수 있으며, 영상 및 유전학 도구를 사용하여 지방 생성 분화 전반에 걸쳐 추적할 수 있습니다. 이 미토콘드리아들은 내인성 미토콘드리아 네트워크와 물리적으로 상호작용하지만, 성숙한 갈색 지방세포와 관련된 마커의 발현을 증가시키지는 않습니다.

갈색 지방세포와 AGPAT2 결핍 프레디포세포 구별에서의 외인성 미토콘드리아 전달

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