Sciatica caused by lumbar disk herniation is a frequently occurring disease in the general population, causing functional disability and therefore productivity loss. As sciatica is a benign disease, majority of the affected population recovers spontaneously or with conservative treatment. Surgery might be indicated in the remainder of the population. After the landmark-paper of Mixter & Barr in 1934, the surgical technique of discectomy has evolved to a less-invasive surgical procedure which is currently known as the transflaval (micro)discectomy. Throughout the years, other surgical techniques have been introduced to further reduce the surgical invasiveness of lumbar discectomy. This Collection is dedicated to the contemporary and innovative approaches to treat sciatica.