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In an Initial Public Offering or IPO, pricing can be determined through fixed pricing or book-building methods.

In the fixed pricing method, the company sets a predetermined price for its shares.

For example, if a company sets a fixed price of twenty dollars per share, all shares will be sold at this price, regardless of market conditions or investor demand.

The book-building method involves setting a price range for the shares before the IPO.

For instance, a company may set a range of fourteen to sixteen dollars per share and gather investor bids during the book-building process. 

The company and its underwriters analyze these bids to gauge demand. The final price is set by aggregating bids to find a clearing price within the range where demand meets the available shares.

If demand is strong, the final price may be set at the higher end of the range, such as sixteen dollars per share.

This process allows the company to better assess the market's interest and willingness to pay, leading to a price that accurately reflects current market conditions.