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Bank reconciliation is the process of matching a company’s accounting records with its bank statement to identify any differences.

These differences often arise because of timing issues, errors, and fraud. Some of them can be corrected by making appropriate journal entries in the company’s books.

For example, suppose the bank statement shows a twenty-five-dollar bank service charge that the company has not yet recorded.

In this case, the company would record a twenty-five-dollar expense and reduce the cash or bank balance by the same amount.

This entry ensures the books reflect the actual balance after accounting for the bank's service charge.

Similarly, a customer may deposit a payment directly through a lockbox system, where checks are sent to a bank-managed address and deposited into the company’s account. In this case, the company must record the deposit as an increase in bank balance and reduce the customer’s balance in accounts receivable.

It should also reduce the amount owed by the customer in accounts receivable.

These entries help ensure that the company's financial records are accurate and aligned with the bank’s records.