How Genes and Environment Shape Traits

Genes and the environment work together to shape phenotype, or the visible traits of an organism. A phenotype can change because of genetic background, environmental conditions, or both. Factors such as temperature, oxygen availability, and mutagens can all influence how a trait appears.

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An organism’s phenotype can be influenced by several factors other than genotype, including genetic background and the environment. Sometimes, these effects can happen simultaneously.

The "genetic background" represents all of the related genes in a genome that may interact with the gene of interest.

The environment, on the other h...