Sferische en cilindrische condensator

A spherical capacitor consists of two oppositely charged concentric spherical shells separated by an insulator. The inner shell radius is R₁, and the outer shell radius is R₂.

Considering a spherical Gaussian surface of radius r, the radially outward electric field can be expressed using the Gauss Law. The electric field is directly proportional to the charge enclosed and inversely proportional to the radius square.

Recall that potential difference can be derived from the electric field. Therefore, integrating the electric field along a radial path between the shells gives the potential difference for a spherical capacitor.

Now, the ratio of charge to the potential difference gives the capacitance for a spherical capacitor.

When the concentric spherical shells are replaced with concentric conducting cylinders, a cylindrical capacitor is formed.

Applying Gauss Law, the electric field directed radially outward from the common axis of the cylinder is calculated.

The potential difference calculated from the electric field can be applied to estimate the capacitance for a cylindrical capacitor.