Huidkanker

Most skin cancers are caused by chronic exposure to UV radiation from the sun, tanning booths, or sunlamps.

UV exposure can induce DNA photolesions, mutations of cell cycle regulating genes, and the formation of reactive oxygen species, all of which can initiate carcinogenesis.

In addition, skin type, age, family history, and immunological state can act as predisposing factors.

The most common type of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma, arises from uncontrolled stratum basale cell proliferation that invades the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Generally appearing as shiny, dome-shaped nodules on the skin, these are commonly treated with surgery or radiotherapy.

Squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by an uncontrolled division of the keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum, forming fast-growing red scaly papule-like lesions. Immediate surgical removal of these lesions can prevent metastasis.

Melanoma is a highly metastatic form of skin cancer developing from uncontrolled melanocyte division that spreads to affect other tissues. It manifests as brown to black pigmented asymmetric patches on the skin.

Depending on the severity, melanoma is treated with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy.