18.7
The direct or pyramidal motor pathways regulate conscious and voluntary movements through the skeletal muscles.
The tracts of motor pathways comprise upper and lower motor neurons. The upper motor neurons of direct pathways originate from the cerebral cortex and provide input to the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord or the brainstem.
The lower motor neurons then innervate the skeletal muscles, which trigger muscle contraction and movement.
The motor pathways are made up of the corticobulbar tract and the corticospinal tracts.
The corticobulbar tract carries motor impulses to control skeletal muscles in the head and face. It controls movements of the eyes, tongue, facial expressions, and speech.
The corticospinal tracts control movements of the limbs and trunk.
The lateral corticospinal tract decussates in the medulla oblongata. It controls skilled movements of the distal part of the limbs, such as playing the piano.
The anterior corticospinal tract decussates in the spinal cord and controls the movement of the trunk and proximal parts of the limbs.
De directe motorbanen, ook wel de piramidale banen genoemd, zijn een groep neurale paden, die hun oorsprong vinden in de hersenen en afdalen via het ruggenmerg. Ze controleren de vrijwillige beweging van het lichaam. Er zijn twee belangrijke directe motorbanen: de corticospinale en de corticobulbaire banen.
Het corticospinale kanaal is verantwoordelijk voor de vrijwillige beweging van de ledematen en de romp. Het vindt zijn oorsprong in de hersenschors van de hersenen en daalt af via de interne capsule van de grote hersenen en de hersensteel van de middenhersenen. Van daaruit komt het ruggenmerg binnen en loopt langs de lengte van de wervelkolom. Terwijl het afdaalt, geeft het corticospinale kanaal takken af om verschillende niveaus van het ruggenmerg te innerveren. De meeste vezels eindigen in de ventrale hoorn, waar ze synapsen met lagere motorneuronen die de skeletspieren innerveren.
Het corticobulbaire kanaal is verantwoordelijk voor de vrijwillige controle van de gezichts-, tong- en keelspieren. Het vindt zijn oorsprong in de hersenschors en daalt af via de interne capsule, zoals het corticospinale kanaal. In plaats van door het ruggenmerg te reizen, eindigt het echter in de hersenstam, synapsen met hersenzenuwen die de gezichts- en hoofdspieren controleren.
Zowel de corticospinale als de corticobulbaire banen zijn samengesteld uit bovenste motorneuronen, die hun oorsprong vinden in de hersenschors, en lagere motorneuronen, die de spieren innerveren.
The direct or pyramidal motor pathways regulate conscious and voluntary movements through the skeletal muscles.
The tracts of motor pathways comprise upper and lower motor neurons. The upper motor neurons of direct pathways originate from the cerebral cortex and provide input to the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord or the brainstem.
The lower motor neurons then innervate the skeletal muscles, which trigger muscle contraction and movement.
The motor pathways are made up of the corticobulbar tract and the corticospinal tracts.
The corticobulbar tract carries motor impulses to control skeletal muscles in the head and face. It controls movements of the eyes, tongue, facial expressions, and speech.
The corticospinal tracts control movements of the limbs and trunk.
The lateral corticospinal tract decussates in the medulla oblongata. It controls skilled movements of the distal part of the limbs, such as playing the piano.
The anterior corticospinal tract decussates in the spinal cord and controls the movement of the trunk and proximal parts of the limbs.
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