Zuur-basebalans

Maintaining the pH of body fluids is crucial, as changes in hydrogen ion concentration can disrupt membrane stability, alter protein structures, and affect enzyme activities.

A drop in arterial blood pH below 7.35 leads to acidosis. Conversely, a rise above 7.45 results in alkalosis.

Acidosis with a pH below seven can be fatal. It can impair the central nervous system, causing coma, weaken cardiac contractions, and can lead to low blood pressure and potential circulatory collapse.

The body maintains this pH balance through several mechanisms, including buffer systems and respiratory and renal compensation.

Chemical buffers resist pH changes by binding hydrogen ions during acidity and releasing them during alkalinity, maintaining stability.

Respiratory compensation changes the rate and depth of breathing, thereby controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid in the blood.

Renal regulation changes the rate of secretion and reabsorption of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions by the kidneys in response to changes in the blood pH.