Allergische reacties: anafylaxie

Anaphylaxis is an immediate hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE antibodies. These antibodies bind to allergens, forming allergen–IgE antibody complexes. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, drugs, and certain food items.

These complexes bind to receptors on mast cells and basophils, leading to rapid degranulation and the release of histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins.

These mediators cause vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, edema, and neutrophil activation, generating an inflammatory response.

These reactions can severely affect the vasculature, GI tract, skin, and respiratory system. They may also manifest as conditions such as food allergies, urticaria, rhinitis, and asthma.

Various drugs can cause anaphylaxis, including penicillin, asparaginase, monoclonal antibodies, corticotropin, heparin, vaccines, local anesthetics, and antiseptics like chlorhexidine.

Diagnostic methods for anaphylaxis are clinical, based on symptoms. Skin tests, such as intradermal injection of penicilloylpolylysine can later identify penicillin allergy.