Mitraalregurgitatie II: Klinische kenmerken en diagnostische testen

Mitral regurgitation, or MR, is a heart condition where the mitral valve fails to close entirely during systole, causing blood to leak backward from the left ventricle into the left atrium.

Its etiology is classified into two types.

Primary MR originates from direct mitral valve abnormalities, including mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic fever, and degenerative changes.

Secondary MR results from indirect factors like ischemic heart disease and infective endocarditis.

The pathophysiology of MR involves dysfunction in the mitral valve or its supporting structures, including the leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, or papillary muscles, which leads to backward blood flow and volume overload.

This overload causes left atrial enlargement and left ventricular hypertrophy and dilation.

These compensatory changes can eventually result in systolic dysfunction.

Increased pressure in the left atrium may cause pulmonary congestion and hypertension, straining the right ventricle and leading to reduced cardiac output and heart failure symptoms.