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Fluids are classified into two main types: Newtonian and non-Newtonian. Newtonian fluids have a constant viscosity, and their shearing stress is linearly related to the shear strain rate.

The behavior of Newtonian fluids is predictable. Examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.

Non-Newtonian fluids, however, exhibit varying viscosity based on the shear rate. They are divided into shear-thinning, shear-thickening, and Bingham plastics.

Shear-thinning fluids, like latex paint and polymer solutions, show decreased apparent viscosity with an increased shear rate, allowing them to flow more easily when sheared.

This property is useful in applications such as brush painting and inkjet printing, where smooth and even application is required.

Shear-thickening fluids, such as cornstarch in water, show increased apparent viscosity under higher shear rates and become more resistant to flow when stirred.

This unique property makes them useful in protective gear and damping devices.

Bingham plastics, like toothpaste and mayonnaise, behave as solids once yield stress is exceeded, then flow like fluids, making them ideal for products that need extrusion or spreading.