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Eyewitness memory refers to a person's recollection of events they have directly witnessed. It is often used as evidence in legal settings.

For instance, a person might recall details of a crime they saw, such as describing the suspect's appearance, clothing, or actions, which can be used as evidence in court.

Eyewitness memory plays a crucial role in criminal cases but can be prone to significant errors, including memory distortion, bias, and inaccuracy.

Memory distortion can occur because memories fade over time or can be reshaped by new, misleading information.

Likewise, bias in eyewitness memory may stem from personal beliefs, societal influences, or exposure to media, all of which can affect the accuracy of recollections.

Inaccuracy in eyewitness memory can also result from the emotional stress of witnessing a crime.

For example, a witness may recall a suspect's appearance differently after seeing a biased lineup or after being asked leading questions.

Understanding these vulnerabilities is essential for improving the reliability of eyewitness testimonies in legal contexts.