Psychologische reacties op stress

Psychological responses to stress refer to the various ways the mind reacts to challenging or threatening situations, such as job loss.

The transactional model of stress outlines two cognitive processes in response to stress: primary and secondary appraisal.

In primary appraisal, an individual evaluates the potential harm or benefit posed by a stressor. For example, a graduating student may perceive the situation as a threat if they fear failure or as a challenge if they view it as a career opportunity.

A secondary appraisal follows when a threat is identified, assessing available coping options and their perceived effectiveness.

Additionally, the cognitive response to stress can impair memory and information processing, narrowing the focus to immediate concerns and reducing perceived options. For example, during a fire threat, stress can influence how people interpret escape routes.

Similarly, emotional response to stress makes an individual prone to mood swings and erratic behavior, which can strain relationships with family and friends and potentially lead to anxiety and depression.