Vectoren

Vectors possess both magnitude and direction. Magnitude indicates strength, while direction specifies orientation in space. For example, a car's velocity of 50 km/hr east is a vector, defining its speed and direction of motion.

Vectors are represented as directed line segments from an initial point to a terminal point, denoted with bold letters or an arrow on top. A half arrow on top is also commonly used; both conventions are valid.

Two vectors are considered equal when they have the same magnitude, which indicates strength, and the same direction.

Adding vectors involves positioning one vector's initial point at the other's terminal point to form the resultant. Alternatively, if both vectors originate from the same point, their sum is represented by the diagonal of the parallelogram they form, starting from that same point.

Subtracting vectors involves adding the negative of a vector, which flips the vector’s direction. The result is shown by the diagonal of the parallelogram, running from the terminal point of the subtracted vector to the terminal point of the other vector.

In the coordinate plane, vectors are represented as ordered pairs of horizontal and vertical components, typically enclosed in angle brackets.