Analysis of Calcium Dynamics and Membrane Potential Changes in a Mouse Arteriolar Endothelium

Abstract

Source: Hakim, M. A. et al., Isolation and Functional Analysis of Arteriolar Endothelium of Mouse Brain Parenchyma. J. Vis. Exp. (2022).

This video demonstrates the functional analysis of an arteriolar endothelial tube isolated from a mouse brain. It outlines the steps for measuring intracellular calcium levels and membrane potential, both at baseline and in response to pharmacological stimulation.

Protocol

All procedures involving animal samples have been reviewed and approved by the appropriate animal ethical review committee.

Results

Figure 1: Application of endothelial tube for physiological examination of pathways related to blood flow regulation. (A) A sharp electrode (purple arrow) is positioned in a cell of an endothelial tube focused in the data acquisition window f.......

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Amplifiers	Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA	Axoclamp 2B & Axoclamp 900A
Audible baseline monitors	Ampol US LLC, Sarasota, FL, USA	BM-A-TM
Bath Chiller (Isotemp 500LCU)	ThermoFisher Scientific	13874647
Borosilicate glass capillaries (Pinning)	Warner Instruments	G150T-6
Borosilicate glass capillaries (Sharp Electrodes)	Warner Instruments	GC100F-10
BSA: Bovine Serum Albumin	Sigma	A7906
CaCl2: Calcium Chloride	Sigma	223506
DMSO: Dimethyl Sulfoxide	Sigma	D8418
Flow Control Valve	Warner Instruments	FR-50
Fluorescence system interface, ARC lamp & power supply, hyperswitch and PMT	Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA	IonOptix Systems
Function Generator	EZ Digital, Seoul, South Korea	FG-8002
Fura-2 AM dye	Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA	F14185
Glucose	Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)	G7021
HCl: Hydrochloric Acid	ThermoFisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA)	A466250
Headstages	Molecular Devices	HS-2A & HS-9A
HEPES: (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid)	Sigma	H4034
Inline Solution Heater	Warner Instruments	SH-27B
KCl: Potassium Chloride	Sigma	P9541
MgCl2: Magnesium Chloride	Sigma	M2670
Microforge	Narishige, East Meadow, NY, USA	MF-900
Micromanipulator	Siskiyou	MX10
Micropipette puller (digital)	Sutter Instruments, Novato, CA, USA	P-97 or P-1000
Microscope (Nikon-inverted)	Nikon Instruments Inc, Melville, NY, USA	Ts2
Microscope (Nikon-inverted)	Nikon Instruments Inc	Eclipse TS100
Microscope objectives	Nikon Instruments Inc	20X (S-Fluor) and 40X (Plan Fluor)
Microscope platform (anodized aluminum; diameter, 7.8 cm)	Warner Instruments	PM6 or PH6
Microscope Stage (Aluminum)	Siskiyou, Grants Pass, OR, USA	8090P
MTA: 2-Methylthioadenosine diphosphate trisodium salt	Tocris	1624
NaCl: Sodium Chloride	Sigma	S7653
NaOH: Sodium Hydroxide	Sigma	S8045
Oscilloscope	Tektronix, Beaverton, Oregon, USA	TDS 2024B
Phase contrast objectives	Nikon Instruments Inc	(Ph1 DL; 10X & 20X)
Plexiglas superfusion chamber	Warner Instruments, Camden, CT, USA	RC-27
Stereomicroscopes	Zeiss, NY, USA	Stemi 2000 & 2000-C
Syringe filter (0.22 µm)	ThermoFisher Scientific	722-2520
Temperature Controller (Dual Channel)	Warner Instruments	TC-344B or C
Valve Control System	Warner Instruments	VC-6
Vibration Isolation Table	Technical Manufacturing, Peabody, MA, USA	Micro-g