Method Article

Real-time beeldvorming van Plant Cell Surface Dynamics met variabele hoek epifluorescentiemicroscopie

DOI:

10.3791/53437

December 12th, 2015

In This Article

Summary

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Het doel van dit protocol is om te demonstreren hoe fluorescent-gelabelde eiwit dynamiek op plantencel oppervlakken met een variabele hoek epifluorescentiemicroscopie, waaruit blijkt knipperende stippen van GFP-gelabeld PATROL1, een membraan mensenhandel eiwit te controleren, in de cel cortex van de stomatale complex in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Abstract

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A plant’s cell surface is its interface for perceiving environmental cues; it responds with cell biological changes such as membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Real-time and high-resolution image analysis of such intracellular events will increase the understanding of plant cell biology at the molecular level. Variable angle epifluorescence microscopy (VAEM) is an emerging technique that provides high-quality, time-lapse images of fluorescently-labeled proteins on the plant cell surface. In this article, practical procedures are described for VAEM specimen preparation, adjustment of the VAEM optical system, movie capturing and image analysis. As an example of VAEM observation, representative results are presented on the dynamics of PATROL1. This is a protein essential for stomatal movement, thought to be involved in proton pump delivery to plasma membranes in the stomatal complex of Arabidopsis thaliana. VAEM real-time observation of guard cells and subsidiary cells in A. thaliana cotyledons showed that fluorescently-tagged PATROL1 appeared as dot-like structures on plasma membranes for several seconds and then disappeared. Kymograph analysis of VAEM movie data determined the time distribution of the presence (termed ‘residence time’) of the dot-like structures. The use of VAEM is discussed in the context of this example.

Introduction

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The plant cell surface, including the plasma membrane and its immediately adjacent cytoplasm, is the main region of a plant cell’s perception and integration of biotic and abiotic cues from the extracellular environment. In response to these cues, cell surface components including plasma membrane proteins and the cortical cytoskeleton undergo dynamic changes, on a time scale of seconds to minutes1-4. Thus, real-time and high-resolution imaging of fluorescent proteins on the cell surface can illuminate a plant’s responses to environmental cues at the molecular level.

Confocal laser scanning microscopy is a powerful too....

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Protocol

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1. Bereiding van Zaailingen

  1. Steriliseren van de zaden.
    1. Bereid de sterilisatie door toevoeging van 500 pi NaClO (chloor: 5,0%) en 1 ui 10% Triton X-100 om 500 pi steriel water.
    2. Plaats ca. 10 transgene A. thaliana zaden dragen GFP-PATROL1 8 in een 1,5 ml buis.
    3. Voeg 1 ml 70% ethanol-oplossing en meng goed door het omkeren vijfmaal. Laat gedurende 1 min.
    4. Observeer de zaden zinken naar de bodem van de buis. In een schone laminaire stroming kast, verwijder voorzichtig de 70% ethanol met behulp van een micropipet, en voeg 1 ml sterilisatie oplossing. Meng goed door omkeren vijfmaal en laat gedure....

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Results

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In deze video artikel, de protocollen voor VAEM observatie van GFP-PATROL1 in A. thaliana zaadlob stomatale complex cellen zijn aanwezig. Hemel druppel montage is een eenvoudige bereidingswijze die kunnen helpen bij het ​​verminderen van het optreden van luchtbellen in VAEM voorbereidingen van A. thaliana zaadlobben (figuur 1). Overtilting van de invoer laser en / of z-positionering specimens VAEM zal een onduidelijk beeld te krijgen. Als dat gebeurt, is het raadzaam om opnieuw te star.......

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Discussion

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In deze video artikel, zijn protocollen gegeven voor het bewaken en meten van het dynamische gedrag van GFP-PATROL1 stippen op de stomatale complex van Arabidopsis thaliana. Zoals hier getoond, VAEM observatie is een krachtig hulpmiddel voor live-beeldvorming van plantencel oppervlakken. Onder dezelfde omstandigheden hier voor GFP-PATROL1 controle, was er zeer weinig fluorescentie fotobleken in de voor 1 min video capture monster, omdat de zeer gevoelige EM-CCD maakt het gebruik van een relatief zwakke laser VA.......

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Disclosures

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De auteur heeft niets te onthullen.

Acknowledgements

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I am grateful to Dr. Masaru Fujimoto for his technical suggestions for VAEM. I am also grateful to Prof. Koh Iba and Dr. Mimi Hashimoto-Sugimoto for providing GFP-PATROL1 transgenic plants, and discussions about PATROL1. I thank Prof. Seiichiro Hasezawa for his continuing support of my work. This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant number 25711017.

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Materials

List of materials used in this article
NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
Inverted microscopeOlympusIX-73
TIRF unitOlympusIX3-RFAEVAW
TIRF objective lens OlympusUAPON 100 × OTIRF NA = 1.49
Laser angle control boxChuo SeikiQT-AK
Optically pumped semiconductor laserCoherentSapphireTM LP USB 488-20 CDRH Laser
510–550 nm band-pass filterOlympusU-FBNA
EM CCD cameraHamamatsu PhotonicsImagEM C9100-13
C-mount camera magnification change unit OlympusU-TVCAC
MetaMorph softwareMolecular DevicesMetaMorph version 7.7.11.0
TIRF microscopy manualOlympusAX7385Instructions: Total Internal Reflection Illumination System (Printed in Japan on August 24, 2012)
Immersion oilOlympusImmersion Oil Typr-Fne = 1.518 (23 degrees)

References

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  1. Konopka, C. A., Bednarek, S. Y. Comparison of the dynamics and functional redundancy of the Arabidopsis dynamin-related isoforms DRP1A and DRP1C during plant development. Plant Physiol. 147 (4), 1590-1602 (2008).
  2. Fujimoto, M., et al.

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Tags

Variable Angle Epifluorescence MicroscopyPlant Cell Surface DynamicsFluorescent Protein TrackingReal time ImagingKymograph AnalysisResidence Time MeasurementGuard Cell ObservationSubsidiary Cell AnalysisPATROL1 Protein DynamicsArabidopsis thaliana

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