Method Article

Geavanceerde experimentele methoden voor lage-temperatuur magnetotransport Meting van nieuwe materialen

DOI:

10.3791/53506

January 21st, 2016

In This Article

Summary

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

We describe the methodology of mechanical exfoliation and deposition of flakes of novel materials with micron-sized dimensions onto substrate, fabrication of experimental device structures for transport experimentation, and the magnetotransport measurement in a dry helium close-cycle cryostat at temperatures down to 0.300 K and magnetic fields up to 12 T.

Abstract

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

Novel electronic materials are often produced for the first time by synthesis processes that yield bulk crystals (in contrast to single crystal thin film synthesis) for the purpose of exploratory materials research. Certain materials pose a challenge wherein the traditional bulk Hall bar device fabrication method is insufficient to produce a measureable device for sample transport measurement, principally because the single crystal size is too small to attach wire leads to the sample in a Hall bar configuration. This can be, for example, because the first batch of a new material synthesized yields very small single crystals or because flakes of samples of one to very few monolayers are desired. In order to enable rapid characterization of materials that may be carried out in parallel with improvements to their growth methodology, a method of device fabrication for very small samples has been devised to permit the characterization of novel materials as soon as a preliminary batch has been produced. A slight variation of this methodology is applicable to producing devices using exfoliated samples of two-dimensional materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as well as multilayer heterostructures of such materials. Here we present detailed protocols for the experimental device fabrication of fragments and flakes of novel materials with micron-sized dimensions onto substrate and subsequent measurement in a commercial superconducting magnet, dry helium close-cycle cryostat magnetotransport system at temperatures down to 0.300 K and magnetic fields up to 12 T.

Introduction

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

Het streven van de materialen platforms voor geavanceerde elektronica technologie vraagt ​​methoden voor high-throughput materialen synthese en de daaropvolgende karakterisering. Nieuwe materialen van belang in dit streven kan in bulk door directe reactie synthese 1,2, elektrochemische groei van 3,4, en andere methoden 5 worden geproduceerd in een snellere manier dan meer betrokken eenkristal dunne film depositie technieken zoals moleculaire bundel epitaxie of chemische dampafzetting. De gebruikelijke methode om de transporteigenschappen van bulk crystal samples meten is een rechthoekig prisma-vormig fragment met afmetingen van ongeve....

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Protocol

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

1. Bereiding van substraat

  1. Verkrijgen 4 inch silicium (Si) wafer samengesteld zwaar gedoteerde p-gedoteerd Si onder ongeveer 300 nm SiO 2. Dit substraat structuur zal het substraat om te dienen als een achterpoort.
  2. Gebruik opstellen / ontwerpsoftware, ontwerp een 1 cm x 1 cm patroon met gelijkmatig verdeelde functies, zoals opgesomd kruisen, in de x- en y-richting te gebruiken als positionele locators op het substraat overgedragen monster vlokken en uitlijnmarkeringen voor electron beam lithografie ( Figuur 1).
    1. Open een nieuw bestand in een redactionele programma zoals AutoCAD.
    2. Gebruik polylijnen om ....

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Results

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

Figuur 3 toont een typische Hall bar inrichting gevormd met het oog op een lage temperatuur magnetotransport experiment. Het optische beeld in de bovenste figuur toont een succes-gefabriceerde Grafeen / HBN Hall bar; de onderste afbeelding toont de inrichting schema met Landauer-Büttiker randtoestanden die voortvloeien uit de Landau niveaus (LL) een transportmechanisme die kan worden gebruikt om de waarden van de gekwantiseerde Hall weerstanden te berekenen, het experime.......

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Discussion

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

Na de overname van hoge kwaliteit bulk samples, gekenmerkt passende samenstelling en structuur te waarborgen, worden monsters patroon in de geometrie afgebeeld door exfoliërende vlokken van het monster op 1 cm × 1 cm stukjes substraat. Substraten samengesteld zwaar p-gedoteerd Si onder ongeveer 300 nm SiO 2 hebben de voorkeur omdat ze het experimentele parameterruimte doordat de toepassing van een achterpoort. De monsters moet voldoende dun zijn - minder dan 10 nm - een voldoende veldeffect afstemmen de chemi.......

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Disclosures

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

The authors declare no competing financial interests. Commercial materials, instruments and equipment are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards.

Acknowledgements

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,

This work is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States Department of Commerce.

....

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Materials

List of materials used in this article
NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
Cryogenic Limited 12 T CFMSCryogen LimitedCFM-12T-H3- IVTI-25Magnetotransport system customized with modulated field magnet (step 4)
7270 DSP Lock-in amplifierSignal Recovery7270lock-in amplifier for source/drain and voltage measurements (step 4)
GS200 DC Voltage/Current SourceYokogawaGS200Voltage source for gate voltage application (step 4)
2636B System SourcemeterKeithley2636BSourcemeter for source/drain and voltage measurements
DWL 2000 Laser Pattern GeneratorHeidelberg InstrumentsDWL 2000Generate chrome mask for lithography of substrate location/alignment feature pattern (step 1.3)
Suss MicroTec MA6/BA6 Contact AlignerSussMA6Used for the lithography of substrate location/alignment feature pattern (step 1.4.12)
JEOL Direct Write Electron Beam Lithography SystemJEOLJBX 6300-FS Perform high-resolution lithography of devices
Discovery 550 Sputtering SystemDenton VacuumDiscovery 550Perform SiO2 sputtering (step 2.5)
Infinity 22 Electron Beam EvaporatorDenton VacuumInfinty 22Perform Cr/Au deposition (steps 1.5 and 3.7)
Unaxis 790 Reactive Ion EtcherUnaxisUnaxis 790Etch sample into Hall bar structure (step 3.4)
PMMA 495 A4MicroChemPMMA 495 A4Polymer coating/electron beam mask for lithography (step 3.5.1)
PMMA 950 A4MicroChemPMMA 950 A4Polymer coating/electron beam mask for sample dicing and lithography (steps 1.7.3, 3.3.1, and 3.5.2)
S1813 positive photoresistMicroChemS1813 G2Positive photoresist (step 1.4.8)
LOR resistMicroChemLOR 3ALift off resist (step 1.4.3)
1:3 MIBK:IPA PMMA developerMicroChem1:3 MIBK:IPAPMMA developer
MF-321 DeveloperMicroChemMF-321Novolac positive photoresist-compatible developer solution (step 1.4.15)
Diglycidiyl ether-terminated polydimethylsiloxaneSigma AldrichSA 480282For layered material stacking (step 2.6.1)
Polypropylene carbonateSigma AldrichSA 389021For layered material stacking (step 2.6.2)

References

Loading...
$$\rightleftharpoonup{xx}$$ $$\longleftharp{xx}$$, $$\longrightharp{xx}$$,
  1. Doty, F. P. Properties of CdZnTe crystals grown by a high pressure Bridgman method. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B. 10 (4), 1418-1422 (1992).
  2. Ikesue, A., Kinoshita, T., Kamata, K., Yoshida, K.

Access restricted. Please log in or start a trial to view this content.

Reprints and Permissions

Request permission to reuse the text or figures of this JoVE article

Request Permission

Tags

Low temperature MagnetotransportNovel MaterialsExfoliated SamplesElectron beam LithographyHall Bar DesignReactive Ion EtchingMetal Contact DepositionSuperconducting MagnetDry Helium CryostatQuantum Hall Effect

Related Articles