Method Article

Identificatie van kleine synthetische molecules bindende eiwitten in een Inheemse cellulaire omgeving door live-cell fotoaffiniteitslabeling

DOI:

10.3791/54529

September 20th, 2016

In This Article

Summary

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We describe here a method for identification of small molecule-binding proteins using photoaffinity labeling. The advantage of this technique is that binding and covalent labeling of the target proteins occurs within the live cellular environment, removing the risk of disrupting native protein structure and binding conditions upon cell lysis.

Abstract

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Identifying the molecular target(s) of small molecules is a challenging but necessary step towards understanding their mechanism of action. While several target identification methods have been developed and used to successfully elucidate the binding proteins of a variety of small molecules, these techniques have drawbacks that make them unsuitable for detecting certain types of small molecule-target interactions. In particular, non-covalent interactions that depend on native cellular conditions, such as those of membrane proteins whose structures may be perturbed upon cell lysis, are often not amenable to affinity-based target identification methods. Here, we demonstrate a method wherein a probe containing a photolabile group is used to covalently crosslink to the small molecule binding protein within the environment of the live cell, allowing the detection and isolation of the target protein without the need for maintenance of the interaction after cell lysis. This technique is a valuable tool for studying biologically interesting small molecules with unknown mechanisms, both in the context of basic biology as well as drug discovery.

Introduction

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Bioactieve kleine moleculen fundamenteel werkt door interactie met de functie van één of meer "target" moleculen, meestal proteïnen veranderen, in de cel. In drug discovery, wanneer een werkzame verbinding wordt ontdekt door fenotypische screening, identificatie van de moleculaire target (s) van die verbinding is essentieel, niet alleen voor het begrijpen van het werkingsmechanisme en de mogelijke bijwerkingen van de verbinding, maar ook potentieel ontdekken nieuwe biologie ten grondslag liggen aan de ziekte model en de weg effenen voor de ontwikkeling van nieuwe mechanistische klasse van therapeutische middelen 1. Hoewel target identificatie is niet verei....

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Protocol

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LET OP: Dit protocol werd aangepast van MacKinnon en Taunton 10 voor gebruik in levende cellen.

1. Bereiding van gekweekte cellen

  1. Bereid steriele 6-cm celcultuurschalen het gewenste aantal monsters (zie hieronder).
    LET OP: Een gerecht van de cellen wordt gebruikt per behandeling staat, maar als er meer eiwit nodig is 2 of 3 gerechten worden bereid per staat en gecombineerd na UV straling.
    1. Maak minstens 3 gerechten van de cellen; Negatieve controle met alleen DMSO (D), alleen Probe behandeling (P), en probe concurrent + (C).
    2. Eventueel stelt een 4 th schotel als geen UV controle, wo....

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Results

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De hier getoonde resultaten werden verkregen met een foto-affiniteit probe van het antimycoticum itraconazol, waarvan het gebruik is eerder gepubliceerd 16. Deze resultaten demonstreren het gebruik van de foto-affiniteit labeling techniek levende cellen een belangrijke itraconazol-bindend eiwit als het 35 kDa-membraaneiwit spanningsafhankelijke anion kanaal 1 (VDAC1) met succes te identificeren.

Het bovenstaande pro.......

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Discussion

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Verschillende benaderingen voor het identificeren van de doelen van kleine moleculen kunnen grofweg in twee categorieën: bovenaf, waarbij het cellulaire fenotype van het geneesmiddel wordt gebruikt om een ​​beperking van de potentiële doelen gebaseerd op hun bekende functies of bottom-up, waarbij het doelwit direct geïdentificeerd door chemische of genetische middelen 3. Top-down of fenotypische studies kan bepaalde cellulaire processen beïnvloed door het geneesmiddel te identificeren (bijvoorbeeld, .......

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Disclosures

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

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We thank Dr. Ben Nacev for advice on design of the photoaffinity labeling protocol, Dr. Wei Shi for synthesizing the itraconazole photoaffinity probe, Dr. Yongjun Dang for advice on affinity pull-down experiments, and other members of the J.O.L. laboratory for helpful comments and support. This work was supported in part by a PhRMA Foundation Fellowship in Pharmacology/Toxicology (to S.A.H.); National Cancer Institute Grant R01CA184103; the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute; Prostate Cancer Foundation (J.O.L.); and the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, which is funded in part by Grant UL1 TR 001079 from the National Center for ....

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Materials

List of materials used in this article
NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP)Life Technologies20490Make fresh day of use. Prepare 100 mM stock in water with 4 eq NaOH.
Tris[(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl] amine (TBTA)AnaSpec63360-50 Prepare 1.7 mM stock in a 4:1 ratio of t-butanol to DMSO, store at -20 °C.
Copper Sulfate (CuSO4•5H2O)LabChem, Inc.LC13440-1Prepare 50 mM stock in water, store at room temperature.
Biotin-azideClick Chemistry ToolsAZ104-100Prepare 10 mM stock in DMSO, store at -20 °C.
Alexa Fluor 647-azide Life TechnologiesA10277Prepare 1 mM stock in DMSO, store at -20 °C.
365 nm UV lampSpectrolineFC100UV-blocking glasses should be worn while operating.
Protease inhibitor tablets, EDTA-freeRoche Life Science11873580001Prepare 50x solution in water and store at -20 °C.
SonicatorBransonSonifier 250Set to output 1, duty 30%. 
Fluorescent gel scannerGE Healthcare Life SciencesFLA 9500Use red laser to detect Alexa-fluor 647.
Detergent-compatible Dc protein assay kitBio-Rad5000112
High Capacity Streptavidin Agarose beads Life Technologies20359
Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium, low glucoseThermoFisher Scientific11885092
Fetal Bovine Serum, qualifiedThermoFisher Scientific26140079
Penicillin/Streptomycin solutionThermoFisher Scientific15140122
SDS Sample Buffer (2x)ThermoFisher ScientificLC2676

References

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  1. Schenone, M., Dančìk, V., Wagner, B. K., Clemons, P. A. Target identification and mechanism of action in chemical biology and drug discovery. Nat Chem Biol. 9 (4), 232-240 (2013).
  2. Cook, D., Brown, D., et al. Lessons learne....

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Tags

Live cell Photoaffinity LabelingSmall Molecule Target IdentificationPhotoaffinity Probe BindingNative Cellular EnvironmentCovalent CrosslinkingHEK 293 T CellsFluorescent Gel ScanningStreptavidin Agarose BeadsSDS PAGE AnalysisMass Spectrometry Identification

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