Method Article

Visualisatie en kwantificering van de Cell-vrij laag in van de rat cremasterspier

DOI:

10.3791/54550

October 19th, 2016

In This Article

Summary

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This study demonstrates the surgical preparation of the rat cremaster muscle for the visualization of the in vivo cell-free layer. Considerable factors affecting the accuracy of the cell-free layer width measurement are discussed in this study.

Abstract

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The cell-free layer is defined as the parietal plasma layer in the microvessel flow, which is devoid of red blood cells. The measurement of the in vivo cell-free layer width and its spatiotemporal variations can provide a comprehensive understanding of hemodynamics in microcirculation. In this study, we used an intravital microscopic system coupled with a high-speed video camera to quantify the cell-free layer widths in arterioles in vivo. The cremaster muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats was surgically exteriorized to visualize the blood flow. A custom-built imaging script was also developed to automate the image processing and analysis of the cell-free layer width. This approach enables the quantification of spatiotemporal variations more consistently than previous manual measurements. The accuracy of the measurement, however, partly depends on the use of a blue filter and the selection of an appropriate thresholding algorithm. Specifically, we evaluated the contrast and quality of images acquired with and without the use of a blue filter. In addition, we compared five different image histogram-based thresholding algorithms (Otsu, minimum, intermode, iterative selection, and fuzzy entropic thresholding) and illustrated the differences in their determination of the cell-free layer width.

Introduction

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In vivo animal studies are instrumental to basic science for understanding human physiology and pathology. In particular, in vivo microhemodynamic studies can elucidate the potential impairment of microcirculatory functions altered by abnormal rheological conditions of blood. A number of previous microhemodynamic studies1 have used the rat cremaster muscle model for visualizing microvascular blood flow. The cremaster muscle is a thin layer of striated muscle surrounding the testes. Thus, the blood flow in the muscle can be visualized with a trans-illumination microscope by means of surgical exposure. This enables us to acquire the in v....

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Protocol

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Deze studie is in overeenstemming met de National University of Singapore Institutional Animal Care en gebruik Comite (goedgekeurd protocol nr. R15-0225).

1. Chirurgische Voorbereiding van de Animal Model

  1. Vessel canuleringen
    1. Verdoven een mannelijke Sprague-Dawley ratten (6-7 weken oud) met een gewicht (203 ± 20) g met ketamine (37,5 mg / ml) en xylazine (5 mg / ml) cocktail met intraperitoneale (ip) injectie (2 ml / kg) . Raak de naald niet samen te vatten of te verwijderen uit de spuit na de injectie.
    2. Zodra het dier is verdoofd (bevestigd door de teen knijpen), leg het op een verwarmingselem....

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Results

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De visualisatie van de CFL in vivo is grotendeels afhankelijk van de chirurgische voorbereiding van het dier. Overmatig bloedverlies of uitgebreide operatie duur kan het dier te onderwerpen aan schokken en de doorbloeding aberraties. Onderhoud van weefseltemperatuur een verwarmingselement gebruikt als een maat platform tijdens de operatie en experiment is ook cruciaal voor het handhaven van de fysiologische omstandigheden van de rat. Door een 100 W halogeenlamp in het microscoopsysteem, werd geen waarneembare w.......

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Discussion

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De meting van CFL breedte is essentieel voor een beter begrip van de hemodynamica in de microcirculatie. In het bijzonder is het meten van CFL breedten uitgevoerd in mesenteriale 6, spinotrapezius 24 en cerebrale 25 microcirculations. Conventionele meting van in vivo CFL breedte werd beperkt schattingen van handmatige inspectie van de opgenomen videoframes. De handmatige metingen nodig zijn de middeling van meerdere opeenvolgende video frames voor visueel identificeren van de gr.......

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Disclosures

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The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Acknowledgements

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This work was supported by National Medical Research Council (NMRC)/Cooperative Basic Research Grant (CBRG)/0078/2014.

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Materials

List of materials used in this article
NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
Intravital microscopeOlympusBX51WIEquipment
High speed cameraPhotron1024PCIEquipment
Blue filterHOYAB390Equipment
Pressure sensor & biopac systemBiopac systemTSD104A, MP100Equipment
Temperature controllerShimadenSR 1Equipment
Plasma Lyte ABaxterNDC:0338-0221Warm in 37 °C water bath before use
Saline 0.9%Braun
Heparin (5,000 IU/ml)LEO
PE-10 polyethylene tubeBecton Dickinson427400.024" OD x .011" ID 
PE-50 polyethene tubeBecton Dickinson427411.038" OD x .023" ID
PE-205 polyethene tubeBecton Dickinson427446.082" OD x .062" ID
2-0 non-absorbable silk sutureDeknatel113-S
5-0 non-absorbable silk sutureDeknatel106-S
Water circulating heating padGaymar
Water bathFisher ScientificIsotemp 205Equipment
Sterile Cotton Gauze Fisher Scientific22-415-468
Cotton-tipped applicatorsFisher Scientific23-400-124
Dumont ForcepsKent ScientificINS14188Surgical instrument
Micro Dissecting forcepsKent ScientificINS15915Surgical instrument
Iris forceps 1 x 2 teethKent ScientificINS15917Surgical instrument
Vessel cannulation forcepsKent ScientificINS500377Surgical instrument
Micro scissorKent ScientificINS14177Surgical instrument
Iris scissorKent ScientificINS14225Surgical instrument
Vessel clipKent ScientificINS14120Surgical instrument
Gemini cautery systemBraintree ScientificGEM 5917Surgical instrument

References

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  1. Kim, S., Kong, R. L., Popel, A. S., Intaglietta, M., Johnson, P. C. Temporal and spatial variations of cell-free layer width in arterioles. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 293 (3), H1526-H1535 (2007).
  2. Ong, P. K., Namgung, B., Johnson, P. C., Kim, S.

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Tags

Cell free LayerArteriolesRat Cremaster MuscleIntravital MicroscopyHigh speed Video CameraImage ThresholdingBlue FilterTemporal VariationSpatial VariationMedian Filter

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