| 0.4% PFA (see recipe in Reagents and Solutions) | described in text | | |
| 10-ml serological pipette | Corning | 4488 | |
| 12 well TC Plate, Costar | Corning | 3513 | |
| 15-ml conical tubes, SpectraTube | Alkali Scientific | C2715 | |
| 200 µl tips | USA Scientific | 1111-1700 | |
| 24-well inserts - Culture Inserts for 24-well plates, PET 0.4 µm | BrandTech Scientific | 782710 | |
| 3D Flipwells pre-made, UV sterilized | Make in lab | | |
| 4% PFA (see recipe in Reagents and Solutions) | described in text | | |
| 50 mM Sepiapterin stock (SEP, See recipe in Reagents and Solution) | Career Henan Chemical Co | CAS#: 17094-01-8 | |
| 50-ml conical tubes | Greiner Bio-One | 227261 | |
| 5-ml serological pipette | Corning | 4487 | |
| 70-95% Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol) | Decon Labs | 04-355-151 | |
| Aluminum foil | Fisher Scientific | 01-213-100 | |
| Animal Feeding needles, 20 gauge 1.5” length, single use | Fisher Scientific | 01-208-87 | |
| Antibody Dilution Buffer (see recipe in Reagents and Solutions) | described in text | | |
| Attofluor Cell Chamber | ThermoFisher Scientific | A7816 | |
| Autoclave tape | Fisher Scientific | 15-901-111 | |
| Bacillus subtilis wt (3A1T) strains in glycerol stock () | Bacillus Genetic Stock Center (https:// bgsc. org/ | | |
| BioGrip Pink Nitrile powder free latex free gloves | Top Quality Manufacturing | P2810 | |
| Blocking Buffer (see recipe in Reagents and Solutions - 10% Normal Goat Serum in PBS) | described in text | | |
| Blocking Buffer (see recipe in Reagents and Solutions) | described in text | | |
| Brightfield microscope (Nikon or equivalent) Eclipse Ts2 | Nikon | TS2 | |
| Caco-2 cells | ATCC | HTB-37 | |
| Cell culture incubator, 37°C, 5% CO2 (Eppendorf CellXpert) | Eppendorf | 6734010015 | |
| Centrifuge (Eppendorf, Centrifuge 5804/5804 R or equivalent | Eppendorf | 22622501 | |
| Centrifuge tubes 50 ml SpectraTube | Alkali Scientific | C2750 | |
| Culture inserts for 12-well plate, PET, 0.4 µm, sterile | BrandTech Scientific, BRAND Insert 2in1, BIO-CERT | 782730 | |
| DAPI VectaShield mounting medium | Vector Laboratories | H-1000 | |
| Deep petri dish bottoms, 100 x 25 mm Deep Polystyrene Stackable Petri Dish, sterile | USA Scientific | 8609-0625 | |
| Drummond Pipet Aid XP | Drummond | 4-000-101 | |
| Eppendorf 5804 Centrifuge with a swing bucket rotor for 50 ml conical tubes | Eppendorf | 22622501 | |
| Forceps, stainless steel, sterile autoclaved, 2x sets | VWR | 82027-438 | |
| Forceps, stainless steel, sterile autoclaved, 2x sets, Specimen Forceps | VWR | 82027-438 | |
| Glass flask 500 ml | Corning | 4980-500 | |
| Hemacytometer (Neubauer with cover slips) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 50-312-90 | |
| HT-29-MTX-E12 cells | Millipore Sigma | 12040401 | |
| ImmunoPen (optional) | Fisher Scientific | 4021761EA | |
| Kevlar-based or other cut-resistant gloves (optional) | Hardware store or Amazon | | |
| Lab tape or shipping tape | Fisher Scientific | 159015R | |
| Laminar Flow hood 1300 Series A2 BSC Class II | ThermoFisher Scientific | 1375 | |
| Laminar flow hood with UV light SterilGARD | The Baker Company | SG403A-HE | |
| Markers solvent proof | VWR | 52877-310 or 95042-566 | |
| Media for Caco-2 cells (DMEM High Glucose-based, see recipe in Reagents and Solutions) | described in text | | |
| Media for HT-29 cells (DMEM High Glucose, see recipe in Reagents and Solutions) | described in text | | |
| Media for THP-1 cells (RPMI, see recipe in Reagents and Solutions) | described in text | | |
| Microcentrifuge tube, 1.7 ml, sterile | Alkali Scientific | C3017-ST | |
| Microcentrifuge tubes | Thermo Fisher | 3451 | |
| Miller LB media (see recipe in Reagents and Solutions) | Sigma-Aldrich | L3522 | |
| Needle nose pliers, 2x sets | Hardware store or Amazon | | |
| Nitrile powder free latex free gloves Aurelia Amazing | MidSci | 92885 | |
| Petri dish lids, sterile Falcon Petri Dish sterile 100x15 mm style | Corning Inc | 351029 | |
| Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (100 ng/μl, see recipe in Reagents and Solutions) | InvivoGen | Tlrl-pma | |
| Pipet tips (10 µl, 200 µl, 1000 µl) PurePoint or equivalent | Alkali Scientific | ST1010-CS, ST1200-CS, ST1000-CS | |
| Plastic wrap | Grocery store | | |
| Purecol working collagenase solution (100 µg/mL) | Advanced BioMatrix | 5005-100ML | |
| Round cover slips #1 1 oz (Corning Float Glass or Fisherbrand) | Corning or Fisherbrand | 50143822 or 12-546-2 25CIR-2 | |
| Scalpel blades, sterile, disposable | Mopec or Feather #10 | AJ136 or 2975#10 | |
| Sepiapterin (SEP, 100 µM, see recipe in Reagents and Solution) | Career Henan Chemical Co | CAS#: 17094-01-8 | |
| Shaking incubator set for 220 rpm 37°C | Eppendorf New Brunswick Scientific | M12990080 | |
| Silicone Adhesive Loctite Clear Silicone IDH or 3M Marine Grade Silicone Sealant Clear with a nosetip | Loctite or 3M | 1745658 or PN08019 | |
| Single channel pipet Eppendorf Research Plus, 200 µl | Eppendorf | | |
| Single channel pipettes (10 µl, 200 µl, 1000 µl) | Eppendorf | 2231001122 | |
| Spectrophotometer NanoDropOneC | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 13-400-519 | |
| Sterile deionized water | | | |
| Sterile phosphate buffered serine (PBS) without calcium or magnesium | Fisher Scientific | BSS-PBS-1X6 | |
| Syringe 3 ml or 5 ml with Luer-Lok Tip | BD | 309585 or 309603 | |
| THP-1 cells | ATCC | TIB-202 | |
| Transfer pipets, sterile | Fisherbrand | 13-711-20 | |
| Triton X-100 | Millipore Sigma | X100 | |
| Trypan blue solution | VWR | 97063-702 | |
| Trypsin-EDTA 0.25% | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 25200-056 | |
| Wipes Kimwipes Professional with LintGuard Anti-Stat Polyshield | Kimberly-Clark | 34120 | |
| Primary Antibodies: | | | |
| Anti-human CD163 | Abcam | 156769 | |
| Anti-human CD68 | Novus Biologicals | NB100-683-0.1 mg | |
| Anti-human CD80, E3Q9V | Cell Signaling Technologies | 15416 | |
| Anti-human CK20 | Life Technologies | PA5-82875 | |
| Anti-human MUC2 (996/1) | ThermoFisher | MA5-12345 | |
| Secondary Antibodies: | | | |
| Alexa Fluor 488 Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (for CD80 and CK20) | ThermoFisher | A11008 | |
| Alexa Fluor 594 Goat anti-Mouse IgG (for MUC2 and CD68 or CD163) | ThermoFisher | A11005 | |
| Reagents and Solutions: | | | |
| Caco-2 Medium: | | | |
| DMEM with high glucose (4.5g/L) and 1% (v:v) GlutaMax | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 35050061 | |
| FBS 10% (v:v) heat-inactivated | Sigma | F2242-500ML | |
| Non-essential amino acids 1% for Caco-2 media | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 11140076 | |
| Pen Strep 1% (v:v) | Sigma | F2242-500ML | |
| HT-29-MTX Medium | | | |
| DMEM with high glucose (4.5g/L) and 1% (v:v) GlutaMax | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 35050061 | |
| FBS 10% (v:v) heat-inactivated | Sigma | F2242-500ML | |
| HEPES (10 mM final concentration) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15630080 | |
| Pen Strep 1% (v:v) | Sigma | F2242-500ML | |
| THP-1 Medium: | | | |
| FBS (10% v:v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum | Sigma | F2242-500ML | |
| Glucose (4.5 g/L final concentration) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A249001 | |
| GlutaMax 1% (v:v) 2 mM final concentration | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 35050061 | |
| HEPES (10 mM final concentration) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15630080 | |
| Pen Strep 1% (v:v) | Sigma | F2242-500ML | |
| Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640 medium | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 11875119 | |
| Sodium Pyruvate (1 mM final concentration) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 11360070 | |
| Purecol working collagenase solution (dilution to 1:30 100 µg/ml): | | | |
| Purecol 3 mg/ml 1:30 to 100 µg/ml | Advanced BioMatrix | 5005-100ML | |
| sterile deionized water | | | |
| L-Sepiapterin stock solution (50 mM): | | | |
| L-Sepiapterin (SEP) | Career Henan Chemical Co | CAS#: 17094-01-8 | |
| Phorbol myristate acetate stock solution (PMA, 5 mg/mL) | InvivoGen | Tlrl-pma | |
| BSA 1% Bovine serum albumin | Sigma-Aldrich | 5470 | |
| DMSO | Sigma | D2650 | |
| Miller LB | Sigma-Aldrich | L3522 | |
| Normal Serum from the same species as the secondary antibody | Sigma | NS02L-1ML | |
| Paraformaldehyde | Sigma-Aldrich | 441244 | |